ViCe AnD VirTue 51 quoniam omnia videt oculus eius quoniam expellit a se timorem dei huismodi hominis) 38. immediately after this, the Greek states that God’s eyes are 10,000 times brighter than the sun, perceiving all human actions no matter where they occur. Borrowing from 42,18a, the Latin interprets the Greek’s “into hidden places” as referring to both the depths of the abyss (i.e. a most inaccessible place) and the inner most recesses of the human heart (+ profundum abyssi et hominum corda) 39. The “innermost recesses of the human heart” would naturally include the sinner’s inner dialogue immediately preceding in vv. 18-19 (25- 27) such that God not only perceives the immoral person’s actions but also his faulty reasoning. This motif of God’s perception of all human actions is found extensively in the alterations and expansions in the Latin version (see 7,5.12; 14,22 [20]; 15,19 [18]; 16,20; 18,10; 34,15; 36,19 [22]) 40. Corresponding to these alterations, a second way the Latin alters this passage is by intensifying the threats of punishment. At the end of 23,16 (21) the Latin adds destruction (+ et perditionem) to the threat of wrath 41. in 23,21 (30-31) the social consequences of such sin is ac- cented. To the idea of being punished publicly, the Latin adds the com- ment that he will be driven away like a young horse (+ quasi pullus equinus fugabitur) and the observation that he will be shamed in front of everyone because he failed to understand the fear of God (+ et erit dedecus omnibus quod non intellexerit timorem dei) 42. While the latter appears to borrow from 1,30, the former probably draws upon the tra- ditional association of wild horses with lust (cf. Jer 5,8; ezek 23,20; 1 Enoch 86,4) 43. in other contexts as well, the Latin reflects an in- creased emphasis on retribution (e.g. 3,29 [32]; 4,13 [14]; 5,14 [17]) and the importance of the fear of God (e.g. 2,1.6; 7,19 [21]; 16,3; 19,17 [18]; 25,12 [15]; 28,7 [8]; 37,12 [15]; 49,4 [6]) 44. Third, the Latin absolutizes these assurances of punishment for adulterers by adding “every” (omnis) to the descriptions of both faithless husbands who rationalize their behavior (23,18 [25]; so also m) and unfaithful 38 This addition is missing from J. See THieLe, Sirach, 661-662. 39 in the next verse, 23,20 (29) the Latin also adds that God sees all things (respicit omnia), a Greek form of which is also found in the Lucianic ms 743. See ZieGLer, Sirach, 235. 40 LeGrAnD, “La version latine”, 226. 41 This addition is missing in J. See THieLe, Sirach, 655. 42 m: et erit dedecus quod non intellexerit timorem dei. See THieLe, Sirach, 666. 43 my thanks to karina Hogan for this observation. 44 For other examples see keArnS, Expanded Text, 68-69, 83-88.