Bradley C. Gregory, «Vice and Virtue in the Moral Vision of the Latin of Sirach.», Vol. 97 (2016) 41-61
Beginning in the Second Temple period some Jewish literature begins to reflect an increased influence from Hellenistic conceptions of virtue and vice. This paper analyzes the expansions and alterations found in the Latin version of Ben Sira to show how the vices of pride, desire, and avarice are elevated in importance and integrated into the larger contours of the moral theology of the book. Their content, amount, and distribution suggest that their piecemeal production arose from attempts to integrate the virtue/vice thinking prominent in late antiquity into the teaching already found in the Book of Sirach.
50 BrADLey C. GreGOry
well. in the first colon the Greek’s admonition for the student not to
give himself to prostitutes is qualified with “at all” (in nullo). in the
parallel line, 9,6b, the consequence for such sin is heightened as well;
the warning that such behavior will destroy the student’s inheritance
is expanded by the Latin to include the destruction of the person as
well as his inheritance (ne perdas te et hereditatem tuam) 36.
The most conspicuous addition to 9,1-9 (1-12), however, occurs
in 9,8-9 (8-12). The Greek of 9,8c-9b reads, “By the beauty of a
woman many are led astray; and from this desire flares up like fire. //
Do not sit with a married woman at all (or ‘together’); and do not par-
ticipate with her in banquets involving wine”. However, the Latin in-
cludes a long addition (= 9,10-11) between these two bicola: “every
woman who is a prostitute will be trampled as excrement on the road.
By admiring the beauty of another’s wife many have become repro-
bate, for her conversation ignites like fire” (omnis mulier quae est
fornicaria quasi stercus in via conculcatur speciem mulieris alienae
multi admirati reprobi facti sunt conloquium enim illius quasi ignis
exardescit) 37. Based on the wording this addition appears to have been
generated from the reference to a woman’s beauty in v. 8c (cf. 25,21
[28]), the temptation of another’s wife in v. 9a, and the reference to
lust as burning like fire in v. 8d. The disparaging comment about a
prostitute is vaguely similar to the sentiment of 26,22a, which is part
of a long addition in Grii. it should be noted that the Latin contains an
absolutizing dimension with “every” (omnis), a common tendency in
the additions. in sum, the alterations to 9,1-9 (1-12) by the Latin show
an increased concern for the danger of lust and the need for increased
vigilance in self-control.
Similar concerns emerge in the changes to 23,16-27 (21-38) in the
Latin. This passage, which closes the first half of the book, discusses
the danger of passion and the correspondingly severe divine judgment
on sexual immorality. The Latin version alters this passage in four
ways. First, three additions strengthen the idea that even though sexual
sin is done in private, it cannot escape the notice of God. A substantial
addition at the beginning of 23,19 (27) claims that the sinner’s fear
blinds him to the reality that God sees everything (+ et non intelligent
36
So also D. See THieLe, Sirach, 343.
37
This addition is also attested in D but with some minor variations: omnis
mulier quae est varia quasi stercus in via conculcatur speciem alienae mulieris
multi mirati reprobate sunt conloquium enim eius quasi ignis exardet. See THieLe,
Sirach, 345-346.