ViCe AnD VirTue 55 two synonyms throughout the book, the introduction of “covetous” may have arisen under the influence of 14,9 57. nevertheless, the ad- dition of cupido widens the image in 14,3 from someone who is reluc- tant to part with money to a person who is also greedy for more. near the end of this pericope, in 14,9, the Greek observes that “the eye of the greedy person (pleone,ktou ovfqalmo,j) is not satisfied with his portion and evil injustice dries up the soul”. The Latin, however, omits the copula, reduces “evil injustice” to one word 58, and reads it as modifying “portion”: “the eye of the greedy person is insatiable in his portion of iniquity” (insatiabilis oculus cupidi in parte iniquitatis). The Latin then fills out “dries up the soul” with an additional reference to insatiability: “he will not be satisfied until he has consumed his own soul” (non satiabitur donec consummet [or consumat] arefaciens ani- mam suam) 59. These changes produce a different sense for the verse, shifting the purview from the meal table to that of a metaphorical “portion of iniquity” and then attributing the consumption of the soul to the greedy person himself. This results in a characterization of greed as a vice that is prone to expand exponentially to the point of self-destruction. The Latin version also counteracts the temptation to avarice through additions to 5,1. This verse introduces a lesson on the foolish- ness of presuming that wealth can insulate one from divine judgment (5,1-8). While the Greek advises the reader not to depend on wealth or to say “it is enough for me”, the Latin makes two changes. First, the Latin assumes that not all wealth is bad by modifying wealth with “unjust” (possessiones iniquas) such that the object of improper de- pendence is morally compromised wealth rather than wealth in general. Second, at the end of the verse, the Latin adds an explanation to the imperative, “Do not say ‘i have enough’”: “for it will be of no use on the day of vengeance and calamity” (nihil enim proderit in tempore vindicate et obductionis) 60. This addition reinforces the view that the 57 Other places where the Latin translates one Greek word with two synonyms are 1,9.30 (40); 6,9; 8,8 (10); 10,25 (28); 11,4; 15,3; 16,1 (15,22); 16,19.24; 21,11 (12); 22,24 (30); 23,6.16 (21); 24,8 (12); 25,10 (13); 26,8 (11); 29,5 (6).6 (9); 33,2; 46,5 (6); 47,22 (24). 58 This phenomenon is less frequent than the translation of one word with two synonyms, but see 10,18 (22) and 45,18 (22); cf. 6,27 (28). 59 THieLe, Sirach, 433-434. 60 So also D. See THieLe, Sirach, 270. notably, at the end of this passage in 5,8 (10) V (but not D) adds et vindicate to in die obductionis, creating an inclusio with the addition in 5,1. See THieLe, Sirach 279.