David I. Yoon, «Prominence and Markedness in New Testament Discourse.», Vol. 26 (2013) 3-26
Paul's testimony of his post-conversion experience in Galatians—the only place in the New Testament this is found—is the starting point for the rest of his polemic against his opponents who avert the gospel he first taught his readers. What is interesting is that he highlights or emphasizes certain portions of his testimony, using the linguistic method of prominence. As others have written already, prominence in Hellenistic Greek is conveyed in many ways, but one major way is by the writer's choice of verbal aspect. By first identifying a theory of prominence in the Greek of the New Testament, the paper then applies that theory to Gal 1:11–2:10 to discover that Paul emphasizes preaching and gospel related items in his testimony.
16 David I. Yoon
3. Analysis of Gal 1,11–2,10
The New Testament contains several accounts of the conversion
testimony of one of the premier pioneers of the Christian movement, Paul
the apostle (Acts 9,1–19; 22,1–21; 26,1–18), but only one post-conversion
testimony, written by Paul himself in his epistle to the Galatians65. The
purpose of retelling his conversion testimony is stated at the beginning
of this discourse in 1,11, where he writes: γνωρίζω δὲ ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοί, τὸ
εὐαγγέλιον τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον
(“But I make known to you, brothers, the gospel that was preached by
me, that it is not according to man”)66. Simply put, the major question I
am concerned with is: what does Paul emphasize in his post-conversion
testimony to the Galatians? By means of the system of language available
to him, i.e., Hellenistic Greek, how does he convey the parts of his discourse
that he wishes to emphasize (given that he does emphasize some parts
over others)? Based on the methodology and criteria identified above, I
will determine what is prominent in this discourse.
I break up the entire discourse into three subdivisions: 1,11–17;
1,18–24; and 2,1–10. While in discourse analysis analyzing cohesion
is profitable for determining discourse boundaries, for purposes of
this paper, I am simply determining the boundaries via the two major
temporal markers (“Then after X years,” ἔπειτα μετὰ ἔτη τρία / ἔπειτα
διὰ δεκατεσσάρων ἐτων) in 1,18 and 2,1. At this point, the precise
parameters of the subdivisions of the discourse are immaterial for my
purpose, since I am strictly concerned with examining prominence in
the discourse. These subdivisions are simply to help facilitate the analysis
into shorter sections.
A. Gal 1,11–17
1) Verbal aspect. This section begins with a verb in the present tense-
form (imperfective aspect), γνωρίζω, followed by several verbs (including
participles) in the aorist tense-forms (conveying perfective aspect): το
εὐαγγελισθὲν, παρέλαβον, ἐδιδάχθην, and ἠκούσατε67. In these verses,
65
Galatians, of course, is among the Hauptbriefe, along with Romans, and 1–2
Corinthians. Some lists also include Philippians and 1–2 Thessalonians in the undisputed
Pauline corpus. In line with this, I am assuming Pauline authorship here and refer to the
writer as Paul.
66
I deem this to be a purpose statement on semantic grounds and do not consider
this to be essential to my overall argument. I think that an analysis of the interpersonal
metafunction would reveal similarly.
67
I do not include εἰμί verbs, since they are aspectually vague. Cf. Porter, Verbal Aspect,
441–78; Porter, Idioms, 24–25, 45.