David I. Yoon, «Prominence and Markedness in New Testament Discourse.», Vol. 26 (2013) 3-26
Paul's testimony of his post-conversion experience in Galatians—the only place in the New Testament this is found—is the starting point for the rest of his polemic against his opponents who avert the gospel he first taught his readers. What is interesting is that he highlights or emphasizes certain portions of his testimony, using the linguistic method of prominence. As others have written already, prominence in Hellenistic Greek is conveyed in many ways, but one major way is by the writer's choice of verbal aspect. By first identifying a theory of prominence in the Greek of the New Testament, the paper then applies that theory to Gal 1:11–2:10 to discover that Paul emphasizes preaching and gospel related items in his testimony.
18 David I. Yoon
2) Mood. Since this discourse is Paul recounting the events surrounding
his post-conversion experience, what may be called a narrative text, the
primary mood choice is the indicative. Since a preliminary analysis of
the verbs in this section has been shown already, it will be unnecessary
to point out every instance of an indicative mood-form, but simply the
instances were Paul deviates to a non-indicative mood-form.
The first, and only, instance where Paul uses a non-indicative mood-
form in this section is 1,16 (as indicated above), where after Paul has made
the case that the gospel he preaches is not of man but directly of God, he
states the purpose of his calling: that he “might preach” (εὐαγγελίζωμαι)
to the Gentiles, using a subjunctive mood-form. As noted in the aspect
analysis above, this word is already prominent due to its present tense-
form (imperfective aspect). Among the various activities described in
this discourse, from discussing his former way of life of persecuting the
church to God’s calling of him, he chooses to emphasize his preaching
of the gospel here. The subjunctive mood grammaticalizes “a projected
realm which may at some time exist and may even now exist, but which
is held up for examination simply as a projection of the wrier or speaker’s
mind for consideration”69, and is often used in conditional clauses as this
one (e.g., ἵνα εὐαγγελίζωμαι). However, this is not a conditional clause—
it is actually a purpose clause with the subordinate conjunction ἵνα that
usually takes a verb in a subjunctive mood-form70. Thus, the normal
pattern for a purpose clause is evident, but εὐαγγελίζωμαι may still be
regarded as prominent due to its aspectual feature71.
3) Voice. As in the above section on mood, it is unnecessary to note all
the instances where Paul uses an unmarked element, e.g., the active voice,
since this is expected. Thus, I will identify the non-active voice choices of
Paul to see what sort of prominence might be suggested in these cases.
The first instance of a non-active voice form occurs in v. 11, where Paul
describes the gospel that “was preached” (τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν) by him. This
is a passive mood-form to make τὸ εὐαγγέλιον the subject of the verb
and make the subject prominent. The next non-active voice-form is in
v. 12, where the subject is still τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν; Paul states he did not
receive it from others, nor was he taught it (ἐδιδάχθην). He could have
said something like οὔτε μηδείς ἐδίδαξεν (“nor did anyone teach it to
me”) with the active voice, but to keep the subject as τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν,
he uses the passive.
Porter, Idioms, 57.
69
Cf. Porter, Idioms, 232–33.
70
71
However, there are no imperfect tense-forms that also take the subjunctive mood-
form. Cf. Porter, Verbal Aspect, 207.