22 David I. Yoon running, is not in vain; he is being comprehensive with the use of two aspects for the same word. Regarding its implications for prominence, this unusual feature certainly makes it stand out in the text, and Paul wants to communicate that he is not running in vain, nor is his run overall in vain. In v. 3, Paul continues to discuss his time in Jerusalem, noting that Titus, who was Greek, was with him and not forced to be circumcised (ἠναγκάσθη περιτμηθῆναι), both in the aorist tense-form (perfective aspect), making for background material. But he notes the false brothers (παρεισάκτους ψευδαδέλφους) who snuck into the group, describing their activity as παρεισῆλθον κατασκοπῆσαι (“they slipped in to spy out”). Paul uses the aorist tense-form (perfective aspect) for these events, but uses the present tense-form (imperfective aspect) to describe the freedom they have (ἔχομεν) in Christ. The verse ends with the use of a future tense-form, καταδουλώσουσιν, which does not have an aspectual feature74. Paul returns to background material in v. 5, as he states that they did not yield in submission to them (εἴξαμεν τῇ ὑποταγῇ; aorist tense-form/perfective aspect), so that the truth of the gospel would be preserved (διαμείνῃ) for them. The next verse (v. 6) contains both background and foreground material, as he refers back to the reputable people from v. 2 (τῶν δοκούντων; present participle). He uses three present tense-form verbs here (διαφέρει, λαμβάνει, and δοκοῦντες) to communicate his disregard for their status and God’s impartiality. At the end of this verse, Paul reverts back to a perfective aspect/aorist tense-form (πρόσανέθεντο) when stating that these reputable people “contributed” nothing to him. The next verse (v. 7) is very significant to this discourse, as it contains the first and only frontgrounded material. The verse begins by continuing on the subject of these reputable people, that they notice (ἰδόντες; perfective aspect/aorist tense-form) something about him. What they observe is that he has been entrusted (πεπίστευμαι) with the gospel. This is the only occurrence of a perfect tense-form (stative aspect) in this discourse, the most marked verbal element and hence the most prominent feature of this discourse, considered frontground. After describing his travels to various locations, not having had much contact with other apostles, and his even arrival in Jerusalem to be from a revelation from God, Paul emphatically declares the faith that God had towards Paul to declare his gospel to the Gentiles. He compares his entrustment of the gospel to the uncircumcised 74 Cf. Porter, Verbal Aspect, 403–39; Porter, Idioms, 43–45. He argues that the future tense-form “grammaticalizes the semantic feature of expectation” (Idioms, 44).