19 Narrative Structure and Verbal Aspect Choice in Luke Turning again to Luke 4,1-2, we see this cadential pattern of usage present. An aorist verb of motion ( π στρεψεν) leads the construction and indicates a finite, factual event that marks the beginning of a new pericope. Following on this verb, the two imperfective verb forms ( γετο and πειραζ μενος), in addition to giving background information, heighten the level of the discourse by switching to an internal perspec- tive. The audience views the actions of Jesus as they transpire and es- sentially is given a foretaste of the rest of the pericope, where Jesus, while in the power of the spirit ( γετο ν τ πνε ματι), is tested by the devil (πειραζ μενος π το διαβ λου)51. Then in v. 3, the aorist φαγεν, as previously discussed, changes the perspective of the discourse back to the external, and the remainder of the pericope proceeds in the diegetic mode, carried by aorists. This, then, serves as a model for the boundary- marking cadence of aspect change present throughout the fourth chapter of Luke, as will be detailed below. It should be noted that, although it is common to have two separate cadences between pericopes, one closing the previous episode and the other introducing the following one, sometimes a single cadence serves a dual purpose of performing both discourse functions of closure and introduction. In such a case, the pericopes can be said to overlap one another to the extent that the same, single cadence is fully a part of both of them52. In a recent study, Bruce Longenecker has noted an overlapping feature of Lukan style, or rather a “‘chain-link’ interlock”53, to use his terminol- ogy, which serves as a transition between sections of the narrative. Just as I have shown connections between Lukan stylistics and features found in Thucydides, Longenecker makes a connection to the literary Greek and Latin of the rhetorical criticism of Lucian and Quintilian, the sources for his “‘chain-link’ interlock” notion. He suggests that Luke evinces this overlapping structure in four places in Acts, with both large-scale over- 51 Bock, following Plummer, states that the fact that πειραζ μενος is imperfective in- dicates that the syntactically ambiguous phrase “for forty days” applies both to “was led” ( γετο) –also imperfective– and “being tested” (Luke, 369-70). This is to confuse the ref- erential nature of the action signified –its Aktionsart– with its subjective characterization –its aspect–. Luke renders both of these actions imperfective on account of their discourse function. They are both part of the second half of his opening cadence of the pericope. That φαγεν is an aorist indicates that events occurring over the forty days could be verbalized as perfective. See also n. 31. 52 Bovon has noted this feature, drawing attention to how v. 44, among others, can be taken in either the preceding pericope or the following, although his analysis is not developed on this point (Das Evangelium, 217-18). 53 “Lukan Aversion to Humps and Hollows: The Case of Acts 11.27–12.25”, NTS 50 (2004) 185-204.