Alexander Loney, «Narrative Structure and Verbal Aspect Choice in Luke.», Vol. 18 (2005) 3-31
In order to represent the actions of past-time narrative, Luke can choose
to employ either the aorist or the imperfect tense, that is, either the perfective
or the imperfective aspect. By selecting one tense over the other Luke
manipulates verbal aspect to give organization to his episodic narrative and
to create contrastive prominence (enargeia) within individual pericopes. In
this way, he follows in the tradition of his historiographical predecessors
–most notably Thucydides– who, through their subtle play with verbal aspect,
composed narratives concerned with at once the factual representation
of the past and their own contemporary, didactic purposes.
28 Alexander C. Loney
However, this pericope has a greater internal complexity than the pre-
vious two, as can be seen in that imperfective forms (24) outnumber
perfective forms (19), and it includes four different sections of mimetic
discourse, two of internal, “foregrounded description†and two as parts of
aspectual cadences. To facilitate discussing these more intricate sections,
I shall conduct the description of this pericope somewhat differently than
the last two. I shall proceed by outlining the pericope’s whole structure
sequentially, drawing particular attention to the sections of mimetic dis-
course.
The first mimetic section is the second part of the initial cadence of
vv. 31-32. Unlike the initial cadence of the previous pericope (14-15),
which served dually to close the preceding pericope and open the fol-
lowing one, this cadence is distinct from the previous final cadence. It
possesses the usual aorist of motion (κατ λθεν) pointing toward a new
setting for the pericope (ε Ï‚ ΚαφαÏναο μ Ï€ λιν Ï„ Ï‚ Γαλιλα ας). It also
possesses two imperfective forms (διδ σκων and ξεπλ σσοντο) that
“vividly†open the action of the story and introduce key thematic mate-
rial – here, that the crowds were full of amazement and gave Jesus a good
reception compared to the ill one he had received in Nazareth.
This mimetic section ends in v. 33 with the resumption of the diegetic
mode, which continues through v. 35. Within this diegetic section, two
backgrounding imperfectives occur, χων (33) and λ γων (35). Both of
these are subordinate to accompanying aorists that convey the narrative
backbone. λ γων is less obviously backgrounding, but when λ γω is em-
ployed in the form of a participle of means, it routinely is as a backgrounded
action. In v. 35, the main narrative action is that Jesus “rebuked themâ€
( πετ μησεν), and backgrounded is that he did this “by means of saying…â€.
The second mimetic section conducted by imperfectives runs from
verse 36 to 37. This section relates the reaction of the people to Jesus’
ministry and gives the reader an internal perspective from within the
crowd. This parallels vv. 20b-22 of the previous pericope, where the
crowd’s wonder is transcribed as though viewed on the spot via the mi-
metic mode. Such an account of experience lends itself to the mimetic
mode, since the primary effect of the mode in this setting is to show the
crowd reacting to the surrounding historical narrative internally, in a
way that allows the reading audience to empathize with the experience of
the crowd, as though one of them. V. 37 is the continuation of this reac-
tion into the region in general, which also is shown as an observed action
with χος, rather than the people, as grammatical subject.
In v. 38, the diegetic mode returns with two aorists ( ναστ ς and
ε σ λθεν). Despite the previously mentioned large body of interpreta-
tion that has considered this to be the beginning of a new pericope, a