Alexander Loney, «Narrative Structure and Verbal Aspect Choice in Luke.», Vol. 18 (2005) 3-31
In order to represent the actions of past-time narrative, Luke can choose
to employ either the aorist or the imperfect tense, that is, either the perfective
or the imperfective aspect. By selecting one tense over the other Luke
manipulates verbal aspect to give organization to his episodic narrative and
to create contrastive prominence (enargeia) within individual pericopes. In
this way, he follows in the tradition of his historiographical predecessors
–most notably Thucydides– who, through their subtle play with verbal aspect,
composed narratives concerned with at once the factual representation
of the past and their own contemporary, didactic purposes.
24 Alexander C. Loney
We also observe that the two parts of the cadence need not follow in
order, directly one after the other. Before the second part of the cadence
follows in v. 15 with the imperfectives δ δασκεν and δοξαζ μενος, a
sentence intervenes in v. 14b to state that the news about Jesus has spread
widely. This sentence is conveyed with an aorist verb, ξ λθεν, signifying
that the action of the sentence is conceived as a whole from an external
viewpoint. It continues the diegetic mode of vv. 2b-14a and records this
action as historical fact. As a diegetic statement, it serves also to com-
ment upon the following mimetic statement in a way that summarizes
the historical result of the unfolding actions of the experiential imperfec-
tives. When such diegetic statements intervene upon a boundary-marking
cadence, they provide information from a narrator’s viewpoint directly
relevant and usually subordinate to the cadential sequence.
The structure of this transitional section between pericopes overlaps
so that the truly independent narrative information of each is divided into
vv. 1b-13 and vv. 16-30. However, if each pericope is properly considered
in its entirety, including its boundary transitions, the two are divided vv.
1-15 and vv. 14-3062.
The next pericope begins with the transitional section just discussed
of vv. 14-15, which, in addition to its cadential function, sets up the next
narrative section by describing the general pattern of the warm reception
of Jesus’ early ministry in Galilee. As an exception to this background,
the pericope accounts one particular poor reception of Jesus at Nazareth.
This pericope is, in style, similar to the preceding pericope. It relates a
simple historical narrative bereft of all but a few extraneous background
details, and the most dramatic content of the narrative occurs in direct
speech. It also exhibits the predominance of perfective (21) to imperfec-
tive forms (10) expected for the diegetic mode of discourse. However, it
does exhibit a significant non-direct speech section (20b-22) dominated
by imperfective forms, unlike the preceding pericope. The other imper-
fectives of the passage occur, as expected, at the edges of the section,
with the single exception of κο οντες of v. 28. Additionally, three
perfect verbs, or “stative†forms with respect to aspect, occur in this nar-
rative. One of these stative forms is a regular formula for the citation of
scripture, ν γεγÏαμμ νον (17). The same verb occurs three times in the
62
This overlapping division of these two pericopes is contra several major commentators.
I.H. Marshall, The Gospel of Luke: A Commentary on the Greek Text (Grand Rapids 1978)
176-77, seems to put vv. 14-15 on their own, as does Schürmann, Das Lukasevangelium,
222-24, G. Schneider, Das Evangelium nach Lukas (Gütersloh 1977) I, 104-05, Fitzmeyer,
Luke, 521-24, Bock, Luke, 390-93, and Green, Luke, 204-06. Goulder, Luke, 299 and Bovon,
Das Evangelium, 204-16, have the passage as part of the following pericope (14-30).