Terrance Callan, «The Style of Galatians», Vol. 88 (2007) 496-516
Especially since the publication of H. D. Betz’s commentary in 1979 much attention has been given to rhetorical analysis of Paul’s letter to the Galatians. Discussion has focused on the species of Galatians’ rhetoric, i.e., whether it is forensic, deliberative or epideictic; little attention has been given to its style. This paper is an attempt to supply that lack. It begins by describing stylistic ornamentation of Galatians with respect to vocabulary and syntax and proceeds to discuss the presence of plain, middle and grand styles in Galatians. Finally it considers the implications of stylistic analysis for interpretation of Galatians.
504 Terrance Callan
Galatians includes the following figures of thought: antithesis (5);
personification (3); questions (18); refining (3); understatement (2)(25).
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BURTON, Galatians, 206); 4,10 (LONGENECKER, Galatians, 181-182); 4,12b (BETZ,
Galatians, 223); 5,4; 5,19-21 (BULLINGER, Figures of Speech, 143); 5,22
(BULLINGER, Figures of Speech, 143); chiasm in 3,16; 5,17 (BULLINGER, Figures
of Speech, 303 – antimetabole); 5,25 (BETZ, Galatians, 293); 6,8; 6,14 (BETZ,
Galatians, 318); correction (see Ad Herennium 4.36) in 1,7a (BETZ, Galatians,
49; BULLINGER, Figures of Speech, 910; MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 141,
143); 2,20 (BULLINGER, Figures of Speech, 910); 3,4b? (BULLINGER, Figures of
Speech, 911; MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 145); 4,9 (BULLINGER, Figures
of Speech, 910); elimination (expeditio see Ad Herennium 4.40) in 1,1; 1,11-12
(MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 156); 1,16-17; 4,14; 5,6; 6,15 (cf. Rom 9,16;
1 Cor 3,7; 5,8; [7,19]; 2 Cor 4,2; 7,12; Phil 2,3; 1 Tim 2,12; 6,17; 2 Tim 1,8);
ellipsis in 2,7-8 (“gospel†and “apostle†not repeated); 2,17 (BULLINGER, Figures
of Speech, 88 — verb not repeated); 3,5 (BETZ, Galatians, 136 — main verb
omitted); 4,24 (BULLINGER, Figures of Speech, 57 — noun modified by “theseâ€
and object of “bringing forth†omitted); 5,4 (BULLINGER, Figures of Speech, 68
— verb meaning “cut off†omitted); 5,17 (BULLINGER, Figures of Speech, 88-89
— verb not repeated); epanalepsis in 5,4 (synonymous verbs begin and end the
verse); paronomasia in 5,2-3 (MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 229, n. 63;
DUNN, Galatians, 265 — play on words); 5,7-8 (MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse,
115, 147); pleonasm in 2,5 (BETZ, Galatians, 91 — yield by submission); 4,9
palin anwqen; polyptoton in 1,8-9 (BULLINGER, Figures of Speech, 271 — verb
v [
repeated in different moods and tenses); 2,19-20 (BULLINGER, Figures of Speech,
282 — noun repeated in different cases and verb in different moods and tenses);
proverbs / gnomai / sententiae in 5,9 mikra; zuvmh o{lon to; fuvrama zumoi' (BETZ,
Galatians, 266); 6,7 o{ ga;r eja;n speivrh/ a[nqrwpo", tou'to kai; qerivsei (BETZ,
Galatians, 307); reduplication (see Ad Herennium 4.38; Quintilian, Institutio
Oratoria 9.3.28) in 1,8-9 (MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 148, 187, n. 17);
3,4b? (MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 145); 3,2.5 (MORLAND, Rhetoric of
Curse, 194); 3,10 (MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 201 — eijsivn repeated); 4,9
(BULLINGER, Figures of Speech, 264; MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 146 —
pavlin repeated); synonymy in 1,12 (BULLINGER, Figures of Speech, 333); and
transplacement/diaphora (Morland) (see Ad Herennium 4.21) in 2,17 (MORLAND,
Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 189); 2,19a (MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 190);
3,4b? (MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 145, n. 23); 3,11-12 (MORLAND,
Rhetoric of Curse, 115, 214, n. 120); 4,17-18 (MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 205,
n. 90 — actually says 4,18-19); 4,21 (MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 115); and 5,7-
8 (MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 147, n. 34).
(25) Antithesis in 1,1 (DUNN, Galatians, 27); 3,3 (BETZ, Galatians, 133;
DUNN, Galatians, 155-156; MORLAND, Rhetoric of Curse, 194, n. 50); 3,20; 4,8-
9; 5,17; personification (see Ad Herennium 4.66) in 3,8.22; 4,30 (BETZ, Galatians,
143, n. 42; DUNN, Galatians, 164); questions (see Ad Herennium 4.22, 23) in 1,10
(2); 2,14; 2,17; 3,1; 3,2; 3,3; 3,4; 3,5; 3,19; 3,21; 4,9; 4,15; 4,16; 4,21; 4,30; 5,7;
5,11; refining/expolitio (see Ad Herennium 4.54) in 1,8-9 (MORLAND, Rhetoric of
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