The Style of Galatians 509 style, and at the end Galatians rises into a temperate (i.e., middle) eloquence (44). Augustine does not specify exactly where the latter happens. Drawing upon a number of different sources, Duane Watson describes the plain style as “plain, to the point, explaining everything and making every point clear rather than impressive, using a refined, concise style stripped of ornament”. It is restrained, concise, avoiding long clauses which tend to elevation of style. It uses current idiom, colloquial language, avoids compound words and ambiguity, and uses natural word order. The plain style has no force or vigor, utilizes only moderate amplification, and avoids accumulation. However, it does try to be vivid through the use of enargeia. The plain style uses few figures and such use is subdued. Figures should be spread throughout the speech. Figures of speech are more suited than figures of thought, and when figures of thought are used they should not be glaring. Maxims are a dominant feature. Metaphors should be used most of all because they are usually colloquial, but they should be used modestly and be of a mild nature. Parisosis, homoeoteleuton, paronomasia, and all figures of repetition are unsuited to the plain style because they are obvious art (35). The most extensive discussion of the plain style is found in Demetrius, On Style 190-239, which is one of the sources for Watson’s description. Demetrius says that the subject of discourse in the plain style should be simple. Diction should be normal and familiar and not metaphorical (190), avoiding compounds and neologisms (191). Above all the plain style must be clear (191). Clarity is produced by use of connectives, i.e., avoidance of asyndeton (192), by epanalepsis, i.e., resumptive repetition of a particle in the course of a long sentence (e.g., repetition of the beginning of a sentence at its end) (196), by avoiding use of dependent constructions (198), by using natural word order, i.e., beginning a sentence with either the subject or predicate (200), and by not using long periods (202). The plain style should avoid long clauses (204). The closing words of clauses should reach a secure and perceptible end (206). It should avoid hiatus between long vowels and diphthongs; any hiatus should be between short vowels or a short and long (207). It should avoid conspicuous figures (208). Vividness and persuasiveness are especially appropriate to the plain style (208). Vividness is produced by use of precise detail and from (35) D.F. WATSON, Invention, Arrangement, and Style. Rhetorical Criticism of Jude and 2 Peter (SBLDS 104; Atlanta, GA 1988) 25-26.