216 Peter Spitaler Third, based on my preceding observations concerning the translation of diakrivnomai, i.e., the pronoun ou{" as referent to separatists, and aspects of the grammar, structure, and syntax of vv. 16- 22, I believe the ou}" mevn – [ou}"] dev sequence that characterizes both the two- and the three-clause renderings of vv. 22-23 (43) neither points to divisions among the faithful nor identifies factions among separatists. Rather, it structurally reflects the division between the faithful and the separatists, which is, according to Jude, caused by the separatists. By repeatedly and rhythmically shifting the faithful’s attention to “these disputers”, Jude superimposes an additional structure onto the ou}" mevn – ou}" dev – ou}" dev sequence, which reflects his concern that the faithful respond in a manner that matches the infiltrators’ divisive force. The ou}" mevn – ou}" dev – ou}" dev sequence also marks the distinct progression of a chiastic argument. Table 4: The chiastic structure of vv. 22–23 [A–B–A1] verse structure content kai; ou}" me;n ejlea'te diakrinomenou" v 22 [A] ou}" swv/zete ejk puro;" aJrpavzonte" 23 [B] • ou}" de; ejlea'te ejn fovbw/ misou'nte" 23 [A1] • Table 4 reveals the structure of Jude’s argument. The ou}" mevn [A] – ou}" dev [B] – ou}" dev [A1] sequence of pronouns and particles, and the ejlea'te [A] – swv/zete [B] – ejlea'te [A1] sequence of present imperatives provide the grammatical structure of vv. 22-23. The repetition of the —————— with demonstrative or relative pronouns, which he uses, instead, in reference to the infiltrators: ou|toi (vv. 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19) and oi|"/ou{" (vv. 13, 22[3x]). Jude also identifies the infiltrators by means of the indefinite pronoun tine" (v. 4), the personal pronoun aujtoiv (vv. 11, 16), and the reflexive pronoun eJautw'n (vv. 12, 13, 16). (43) Textual traditions concerning vv. 22-23 are complex; two basic versions exist, and both have multiple variant readings. The oldest text (P72) has two clauses; the Codex Sinaiticus (a) and the Codex Alexandrines (A) have three clauses; a is the preferred text of NA27. Cf. N.J. BIRDSALL, “The Text of Jude in P72”, JTS 14 (1963) 396-399 and S. KUBO, “Jude 22-23: Two-division Form or Three?”, New Testament Textual Criticism: Its Significance for Exegesis. Essays in Honor of Bruce M. Metzger (ed. E.J. EPP – G.D. FEE) (Oxford – New York 1981) 239-253 for various opinions about the structure of vv. 22-23. I suggest that text-critical arguments for or against the two/three-clause structure of vv. 22-23 that are based on a special NT meaning of diakrivnomai “doubt” be abandoned because of lack of evidence for that special meaning.