John Makujina, «‘Till Death Do Us Part’? Or the Continuation of Marriage in the Eschaton? Answering Recent Objections to the Traditional Reading of Gameo - Gamizo in the Synoptic Gospels.», Vol. 25 (2012) 57-74
B. Witherington III et al. propose that gameo and gamizo in Matt 22,30 (par. Mark 12,25; Luke 20,34-36) describe entrance into marriage rather than the state of marriage. Consequently, these passages indicate no more than the impossibility of new marriages in the resurrection; they do not, by themselves, insists Witherington, teach the termination of existing marriages, as has been ordinarily assumed. In contrast, this article argues for the traditional interpretation of these texts by demonstrating that when combined gameo and gamizo posses an idiomatic value and refer to the institution of marriage and the family, which, according to Jesus, will end with this age.
‘Till Death do us Part’ ? or the Continuation of Marriage... 65
Moreover, because jql-/tn in Jer 29,6 connotes family building, it
probably serves as the closest template for Jesus’ saying. The examples of
family expansion, cited above, are identified with additional issues such as
marriage alliances and family consolidation, neither of which are directly
applicable to the controversy between Jesus and the Sadducees. Instead,
as descriptions of human activity within time periods, the expression
in Matt 22,30; Mark 12,25; and Luke 20,34-35 is more compatible with
the (broader) concept of family building, and the imperfective aspect of
the Greek present is more than able to transmit the ongoing practice of
marriage (and non-marriage), which Jer 29,6 unpacks in greater detail22.
a. Luke 17,20-37
Furthermore, Jer 29,4-7 boasts additional parallels with Jesus’ logion
when the eschatological discourse of Luke 17,20-37 is introduced into the
discussion (par. Matt 24,36-44), the only other occasion where γαμέω
and γαμίζω appear together in the Gospels. Remarkably, in this passage,
Jeremiah’s reference to building and planting is also duplicated—produc-
ing another point of contact with Luke’s version of the discourse:23
And just as it was in the days of Noah, so it will be in the days of the Son
of Man; they were eating, drinking, marrying, being given in marriage, until
the day when Noah entered the ark, and the flood came and destroyed them
all. Likewise, just as it was in the days of Lot—they were eating, drinking,
buying, selling, planting, building,…. (Luke 17,26-28)
Correspondences like these—which encompass both vocabulary and
concepts— naturally raise the question of literary dependence. Although
22
The present tense here is commonly understood as futuristic in meaning. R.H. Gun-
dry, Mark. A Commentary on His Apology for the Cross (Grand Rapids 1993) 702; R.G.
Bratcher - E.A. Nida, A Translator’s Handbook on the Gospel of Mark (UBS Handbook
Series; Leiden 1961) 379. It should be cautioned, however, that the future tempus is a func-
tion of context alone and is not triggered by the imperfective aspect of the present, which
remains free to communicate recurring and customary activity. See R.A. Young, Inter-
mediate New Testament Greek. A Linguistic and Exegetical Approach (Nashville 1994)
111; B.M. Fanning, Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek (Oxford 1990) 221-226; G.M.
Green, “Some Interactions of Pragmatics and Grammar”, in L.R. Horn - G. Ward (eds.), The
Handbook of Pragmatics (Malden, MA 2004) 411.
23
On the origin of Luke 17,28-29 (the days of Lot) in Q see D.R. Catchpole, “The Law
and the Prophets in Q”, in G.F. Hawthorne (ed.), Tradition and Interpretation in the New
Testament. Essays in Honor of E. Earle Ellis for His 60th Birthday (Grand Rapids 1987) 102;
Hagner, Matthew 14-28, 718; J. Nolland, Luke 9:21-18:34 (WBC 35B; Dallas 1993) 860.