John Makujina, «‘Till Death Do Us Part’? Or the Continuation of Marriage in the Eschaton? Answering Recent Objections to the Traditional Reading of Gameo - Gamizo in the Synoptic Gospels.», Vol. 25 (2012) 57-74
B. Witherington III et al. propose that gameo and gamizo in Matt 22,30 (par. Mark 12,25; Luke 20,34-36) describe entrance into marriage rather than the state of marriage. Consequently, these passages indicate no more than the impossibility of new marriages in the resurrection; they do not, by themselves, insists Witherington, teach the termination of existing marriages, as has been ordinarily assumed. In contrast, this article argues for the traditional interpretation of these texts by demonstrating that when combined gameo and gamizo posses an idiomatic value and refer to the institution of marriage and the family, which, according to Jesus, will end with this age.
70 John Makujina
king of Sodom and Abram [Gen 14,21-24], which take place during the
days of Lot.) We can safely assume, then, that “buying and selling” stands
for the institution of commerce, in Luke 17,28.
Beyond that, indirect support for this sense can be garnered from a
similar word pair in the Talmud (e.g., b. Qidd. 35a): /tmw acm, lit., “car-
rying and giving”, but idiomatically, “business”, “dealings”33. B. Ber. 17a,
represents an especially useful example in that here /tmw acm (“busi-
ness”) occurs in a series of abrogated actions and attitudes that bear a
noteworthy resemblance, in either wording or theme, to Jesus’ statement
in Luke 17,26-28: “A favourite saying of Rab was: [The future world is
not like this world.] In the future world there is no eating nor drinking
[hytv alw hlyka al] nor propagation [hybrw hyrp al] nor business
[/tmw acm alw] nor jealousy nor hatred nor competition,…”34. Notice
how the sequence is duplicated as well: eating-drinking immediately pre-
cedes marriage/propagation, and commerce/business follows, although in
Luke 17 the latter occurs in a separate set (the days of Lot, 17,28).
4. Concluding Question
Together these collocations raise the following important question: if it
is difficult to minimize their meanings and limit them to specific and lit-
eral references, why should anyone do so with γαμέω and γαμίζω, which
appear in the same context? Instead, these dyads suggest that γαμέω and
γαμίζω are likewise idiomatic and signify the practice of a broad institu-
tion, the institution of marriage and the family, I would argue, instead of
just one of its components.
If my recommendation about the meaning of γαμέω-γαμίζω in this
eschatological passage is correct, it stands to reason that the combina-
tion retains the same idiomatic meaning in the controversy story. This
point is reinforced by the fact that γαμέω-γαμίζω serve as comprehensive
descriptions of eras in both pericopes. At least the onus of proof would
be on those arguing for separate meanings.
3. Non-Indigenous Evidence
Extrabiblical Greek literature also offers corroborating evidence for
our thesis, but not through exact lexical equivalents. Searches conducted
by the author in TLG reveal that the formula γαμέω-γαμίζω makes its
33
M. Jastrow, comp., A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli, and Yerushalmi,
and the Midrashic Literature (New York 1971) 848, 863.
34
I. Epstein, ed., Seder Zera‛im (The Babylonian Talmud; London 1948) 102.