John Makujina, «‘Till Death Do Us Part’? Or the Continuation of Marriage in the Eschaton? Answering Recent Objections to the Traditional Reading of Gameo - Gamizo in the Synoptic Gospels.», Vol. 25 (2012) 57-74
B. Witherington III et al. propose that gameo and gamizo in Matt 22,30 (par. Mark 12,25; Luke 20,34-36) describe entrance into marriage rather than the state of marriage. Consequently, these passages indicate no more than the impossibility of new marriages in the resurrection; they do not, by themselves, insists Witherington, teach the termination of existing marriages, as has been ordinarily assumed. In contrast, this article argues for the traditional interpretation of these texts by demonstrating that when combined gameo and gamizo posses an idiomatic value and refer to the institution of marriage and the family, which, according to Jesus, will end with this age.
‘Till Death do us Part’ ? or the Continuation of Marriage... 69
vesting the garden, as well as eating its produce; building a home would
also involve its dedication and occupation (Deut 20,5-6; Isa 65,21-22; Jer
29,5.28; Amos 5,11; 9,14; Zeph 1,13).
But the word pair probably carries an even broader meaning: planting
and building seem to be formulaic for the establishment of a permanent
domicile, whether individually in the case of a person or collectively for
a nation32. This meaning is perhaps best elucidated by Jer 35,6-10, where
the rejection of sedentary life by the nomadic Rechabites is signified by
their refusal to build houses, plant vineyards, or sew seed:
But they said, “We will not drink wine, because Jonadab the son of Re-
chab, our father, commanded us, ‘Neither you nor your sons will ever drink
wine. And you will not build a house, sew seed, plant a vineyard, or have one.
But you will live in tents all your days, so that you may live many days in the
land where you are sojourners’. So we obeyed the voice of Jonadab the son of
Rechab, our father, in all that he commanded us, so as not to drink wine … or
build houses in which to live. And we have no vineyard, or field, or seed, but
we have lived in tents”. (Jer 35,6-10)
Other OT passages use similar vocabulary to describe either settle-
ment during exile (Jer 29,5) or resettlement after exile (Amos 9,14; Ezek
28,26). We can therefore suppose, with some reassurance, that when Jesus
said they were planting and building, he had in mind the pursuit of a
permanent settlement and the stability associated therewith. As case in
point, did not an itinerant Lot settle down in Sodom (Gen 13,12; 14,12;
19,1; 1Qap Gen 21.6-7)?
3. Buying-Selling
Buying and selling comes at the end of our discussion simply be-
cause there is a paucity of direct evidence for its expanded meaning,
in comparison with the previous two. Nevertheless, because its formal
characteristics are identical to the others in the list, there is every reason
to expect it to behave in the same manner. Therefore, here, buying and
selling probably involves more than just trade—examples of which are
provided in the related eschatological parable (Luke 14,18-19), again with
marriage (14,20)—but absorbs the full gamut of commercial activities,
including lending and borrowing, labor and compensation, and slavery
(Gen 47,18- 25). (Commerce would include the transactions between the
32
Cf. R. Bach, “Bauen und Pflanzen”, in R. Rendtorff - K. Koch (eds.), Studien zur
Theologie der alttestestamentlichen Überlieferungen (Berlin 1961) 19; Berlin, “Jeremiah
29:5- 7”, 3, 5.