John Makujina, «‘Till Death Do Us Part’? Or the Continuation of Marriage in the Eschaton? Answering Recent Objections to the Traditional Reading of Gameo - Gamizo in the Synoptic Gospels.», Vol. 25 (2012) 57-74
B. Witherington III et al. propose that gameo and gamizo in Matt 22,30 (par. Mark 12,25; Luke 20,34-36) describe entrance into marriage rather than the state of marriage. Consequently, these passages indicate no more than the impossibility of new marriages in the resurrection; they do not, by themselves, insists Witherington, teach the termination of existing marriages, as has been ordinarily assumed. In contrast, this article argues for the traditional interpretation of these texts by demonstrating that when combined gameo and gamizo posses an idiomatic value and refer to the institution of marriage and the family, which, according to Jesus, will end with this age.
‘Till Death do us Part’ ? or the Continuation of Marriage... 59
Others have also disputed the prevailing opinion in support of their
own broader interpretations of the pericope. B. Trick, for example, echoes
Witherington’s observation that the verbs here denote the process of mar-
riage rather than marriage itself4. The same reservations are expressed by
J. Kilgallen on both contextual and philological grounds; that is, Jesus’
response to the Sadducees addresses the specific eschatological difficulty
created by the levirate law, rather than the existence of all marriages
in the resurrection5. E. Fiorenza also seizes on the concept of levirate
marriage but expands it to include all patriarchal marriage structures;
she then insists that Jesus was abrogating this alone and not sexuality, in
God’s world to come6. Likewise, E. Charpentier cautions that the text says
nothing about the future relationship of spouses or the extinction of the
sexes7. Still others retain the traditional interpretation, but for alternative
reasons (e.g., the analogy with angels), claiming that what is actually
excluded by γαμέω and γαμίζω is the contraction of new marriages in
the resurrection8.
It is evident, then, that a chorus of dissenting voices has arisen against
the conventional exposition of these texts—with Witherington’s being the
most persistent. What is more, those who have singled out γαμέω and
γαμίζω as the reason for their deviation happen to be correct, on semantic
grounds, and should be applauded for their attention to the minutia of the
text. Does it follow, however, that the traditional interpretation finds its
only support in the logical unfolding of Jesus’ argument, sans philological
evidence? If so, should theologians consider disqualifying these texts as
evidence for the termination of marriage in the afterlife, as some suggest?
For a variety of reasons the present author answers these questions in the
negative and feels that the conventional interpretation should be upheld.
Without analyzing the overall exegesis of the above-mentioned detrac-
4
B.R. Trick, “Death, Covenants, and the Proof of Resurrection in Mark 12:18-27”, NovT
49 (2007) 241-243.
5
J.J. Kilgallen, “The Sadducees and Resurrection from the Dead. Luke 20,27-40”, Bib
67 (1986) 482-485.
6
E. Schlüssler Fiorenza, In Memory of Her. A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of
Christian Origins (New York 1985) 143-145.
7
È. Charpentier, “Tous vivent pour lui Lc 20,27-38”, Assemblées du Seigneur 63 (1971)
88-89.
8
B.P. Robinson, “‘They Are as Angels in Heaven’. Jesus’ Alleged Riposte to the Saddu-
cees (Mark 12:18-27; par. Mt 22:23-33; Lk 20:27-40)”, NBf 78 (1997) 530-537. Likewise, J.
B. Green ultimately maintains the traditional position, although, much like the revisionists,
he drives a wedge between γαμέω and γαμίζω and assigns special significance to the latter.
He, moreover, feels that Jesus responds specifically to the practice of levirate marriage,
which by extension can be taken as a critique of marriage in general. The Gospel of Luke
(NICNT; Grand Rapids 1997) 721.