John Makujina, «‘Till Death Do Us Part’? Or the Continuation of Marriage in the Eschaton? Answering Recent Objections to the Traditional Reading of Gameo - Gamizo in the Synoptic Gospels.», Vol. 25 (2012) 57-74
B. Witherington III et al. propose that gameo and gamizo in Matt 22,30 (par. Mark 12,25; Luke 20,34-36) describe entrance into marriage rather than the state of marriage. Consequently, these passages indicate no more than the impossibility of new marriages in the resurrection; they do not, by themselves, insists Witherington, teach the termination of existing marriages, as has been ordinarily assumed. In contrast, this article argues for the traditional interpretation of these texts by demonstrating that when combined gameo and gamizo posses an idiomatic value and refer to the institution of marriage and the family, which, according to Jesus, will end with this age.
‘Till Death do us Part’ ? or the Continuation of Marriage... 67
So then, although deliberate intertextual referencing can be all but
ruled out, so should the notion that the associations are purely acciden-
tal28. For the present inquiry, the parallels between Luke 17,27-28 and
Jer 29,4-7 lend greater credence to our contention that Jer 29,4-7 serves
as the best resource among the jql-/tn constructions in the OT for ap-
prehending the meaning of γαμέω-γαμίζω—at least in Luke 17,27 and
Matt 24,38.
b. Luke 17,26-28 and Matt 24,38
Thus far we have proposed that γαμέω-γαμίζω is an idiom calqued on
jql-/tn and possesses roughly the same meaning as the combination in
Jer 29,6, although condensed, I would add, to retain its aphoristic effect.
The following discussion will demonstrate that the proposed idiomatic
impulse of γαμέω-γαμίζω is upheld by a series of activities that accom-
pany these verbs in Luke’s eschatological discourse: eating-drinking,
planting-building, and buying-selling (17,27-28). In each case, it will be
argued that the paired activities are idiomatic, signaling the flourishing
of a basic institution of civilization—leisure (eating-drinking), sedentary
living (planting-building), and commerce (buying-selling).
28
The more obvious intertext for these verses is Gen 6,2, where the sons of God marry
the daughters of man, somewhere in the vicinity of Noah’s day. Zmijewski, Die Eschatolo-
giereden, 433-434; Marshall, Luke, 663. Even so, it should be recognized that any influence
of Gen 6,2 on Jesus’ haggadah need only be catalytic and broad, rather than extensive and
specific. A generic reference is supported by the expectation that the same behavior will be
manifested in days of the Son of Man.
Moreover, like the ordinary activities of purchasing and marriage in the parable of the
great banquet (Luke 14,15-24), none of the practices in the days of Noah and Lot are to
be considered taboo in themselves, only the human preoccupation with life as normal to
the neglect of kingdom priorities and the impending judgment (see “the cares of this life,”
Luke 21,34). So most commentators: Witherington, Matthew, 455; Catchpole, “The Law
and the Prophets in Q”, 103; C.M. Hays, “Hating Wealth and Wives? An Examination of
Discipleship Ethics in the Third Gospel”, TynBul 60 (2009) 60-63; Hagner, Matthew 14-28,
719-720; Meier, Matthew, 291; D.J. Harrington, The Gospel of Matthew (SP 1; Collegeville,
MN 1991) 342; contra Bock, Luke vol. 2, 1432-1433. A litany of sins committed by Noah’s
and Lot’s generations was certainly in circulation had Jesus or the evangelists desired to
critique these generations more rigorously: Gen 6,5.11-13; 13,13; 18,20; 19,4-14; Jub 7,20-
29; 16,5-9; 20,5; T. Ash. 7,1; T. Benj. 9,1; T. Naph. 3,4-5; Sir 16,7-8; 2 Pet 2,5-8; Jude 6-7;
etc. See J. Schlosser, “Les jours de Noé et de Lot: À propos de Luc 17:26-30”, RB 80 (1973)
13-36; Hays, “Hating Wealth and Wives”, 61-62; Str-B, 1.961-965.
According to R. Stein, the conspicuous absence of marrying in Lot’s days is prob-
ably intentional, suggesting a society that has abandoned this institution. R.H. Stein, Luke
(NAC 24; Nashville 1992) 440. If correct, it verifies that the reference to marriage in Noah’s
day is not pejorative—as in forbidden intermarriages—but has been democratized to refer to
the normal institution of marriage practiced by all the inhabitants of the earth, who were
thereafter destroyed by the flood.