94 Trent A. Rogers emphatic use is far more common in the rest of the New Testament and occurs in as many as 65 places80. 20:30: πολλα μεν ουν και αλλα σημεια εποιησεν ο ις 81. What is unique about this use is that οὖν is not functioning as a conjunction. Rather than connecting this clause to the previous, it intensifies the clause of which it is a part. (4) Adversative: (however, on the contrary) While some would limit the adversative use of οὖν in John to 9:18, Dana and Mantey propose nine more occurrences: 2:22; 4:45; 6:19; 8:38; 9:18; 11:6; 12:29; 18:11, 2782. Their analysis is admirable as it offers a fresh investigation into an overlooked use of οὖν; I, however, can only agree to adversative use in 4:45, 9:10, 18, 11:6, and 12:29. The adversative does not occur in direct speech but occurs in the narrative frame of dialogue. 9:17,18: λεγουσιν ουν τω τυφλω παλιν τι συ λεγεις περι αυτου οτι ηνοιξεν σου τους οφθαλμους ο δε ειπεν οτι προφητης εστιν ουκ επιστευσαν ουν οι ϊουδαιοι περι αυτου οτι ην τυφλος και ανεβλεψεν εως οτου εφωνησαν τους γονεις αυτου83. The unbelief of the “Jews” is contrasted to the belief that the formerly blind man has just demonstrated. A simple continuative explanation would not convey the contrasting relationship between the clauses84. II. Examples of Οὖν with Other Particles A number of the uses and patterns of οὖν coupled with other particles can be observed by analyzing the syntactical relationships among clauses in John 13:21-31. In response to Jesus’ prediction of betrayal in v. 21, the disciples begin to look among themselves for the culprit. P66 indicates how the disciples’ looks logically proceed from Jesus’ prediction through 80 He is mistaken in a couple of verses such as 9:10 and 16:22. Mantey, “Meaning”, 47, lists these NT texts as emphatic uses of οὖν: Matt 3:8, 10; 5:48; 10:32; 12:12; 17:10; 18:4; Luke 3:8, 9; 14:33; 21:7; 22:70; Acts 2:33; 10:33; 13:40; 25:11; 26:9; Rom 2:26; 4:10; 5:9; 6:21; 11:5; 1 Cor 15:11; Gal 4:15; Eph 5:1, 7, 15; 6:14; Phil 2:29; Col 3:5, 12; 1 Tim 2:8; 2 Tim 1:8; 2:21; Phlm 17; Heb 2:14; 10:35; Jas 4:7; 5:7. 81 “To be sure Jesus performed many other signs”. 82 See the fuller description in Mantey, “Use”, 21-29. 83 “Then they said again to the blind man, ‘What do you say about him since he opened your eyes’? And he said, ‘He is a prophet’. The Jews, however, did not believe that he had been blind and now he saw until they called his parents”. A marginal insertion extends the final phrase to “the parents of the one seeing”. 84 The adversative use of οὖν also helps explain one of the most peculiar actions of Jesus. John 11:5,6 relates the news about Lazarus’ death. “And Jesus loved Martha, her sister, and Lazarus. He, however, remained in that place for two days when he heard that he was sick”. Recall, that οὖν relates the main clauses, so that the Gospel alerts the reader to the seeming contrast between Jesus’ love for Lazarus and his delay in coming to Lazarus.