Iwan M. Whiteley, «An Explanation for the Anacoloutha in the Book of Revelation.», Vol. 20 (2007) 33-50
The book of Revelation is generally considered to contain a lot of grammatical mistakes. This article suggests that these grammatical inconsistencies are a feature of John’s own hermeneutical agenda. There is an explanation of how John directed his reader towards his evolutionary morphosyntax and a list of various kinds of anacolutha are provided.
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An Explanation for the Anacolutha in the Book of Revelation
regularly do not obey the laws of Greek and are therefore incorrect. Black
counters such assumptions when approaching a text by saying that ‘...the
notion of “correct†Greek has no basis in the language itself... There is no
intrinsically “best†Greek, although one can with full justification speak
of the more appropriate or effective variety of language for some par-
ticular type of communication’11. The issue ultimately is whether John is
using ‘appropriate’ or ‘effective’ Greek. Brown and Yule say that discourse
‘...cannot be restricted to the description of linguistic forms independent
of the purposes or functions which those forms are designed to serve in
human affairs’12. It is possible that the grammatical ‘errors’ in Revelation
have a purpose. Commentators tend to assume that Revelation is badly
written. However, Newmark says:
If a text is well written, the text will reflect the writer’s personality
– complex syntax will reflect subtlety… plain syntax, simplicity. Words will be
freshly used with unusual connotations. A badly written text will be cluttered
with stereotyped phrases, recently fashionable general words and probably
poorly structured. Note that language rules and prescriptions have nothing
much to do with good writing13.
Commentators tend to assume that Revelation is badly written be-
cause it does not obey the ‘rules’ of grammar. They expect to read the
text ‘cluttered with stereotyped phrases’ and ‘recently fashionable general
words’. Revelation does not conform to this superficial linguistic con-
struct, rather, it is a vibrant, living text, written to challenge the mind
and stimulate thought. This article shall explore the possibility that the
unusual grammatical aspects of the book of Revelation have a pragmatic
purpose. If this is true, then it would be inappropriate to refer to them as
‘solecisms’, and it would be more fitting to refer to them as ‘anacolutha’
because the latter term does not charge the author with an error.
One difficulty with the anacolutha in Revelation is that copyists have
been prone to ‘correcting’ the text and this makes identifying anacolutha
a challenge. My general inclination, where there have been variant read-
ings, has been to assume the more difficult reading. Many complications
arise on this subject that cannot be investigated here, but I have generally
accepted Aune’s14 textual critical assessment of the text.
There is a tendency when trying to explain anacolutha to focus purely
on the problematic sentence without accounting for wider issues like
Black, Discourse Analysis, 97.
11
G. Brown and G. Yule, Discourse Analysis (Cambridge 1983) 1.
12
P. Newmark, A Text of Translation (Essex 2003) 16.
13
D. E. Aune, Revelation (Texas 1997).
14