42 Iwan M. Whiteley God night and day. 11:3 fits into this context because the two witnesses in this context experience tribulation. They are περιβεβλημένοι σάκκους and the quote to 7:13 rhetorically drives home the idea that those who are resplendent in heaven were initially insignificant on earth. This idea fits with the context of Revelation where churches are unsure of the spiritual implications of their suffering while on earth. λέγων, 14:7 is expected to be accusative to conform to the case of ἄγγελον, 14:6. Beale suggests that a septuagintalism is present, which is possible47. He moves further down this line by suggesting that the participle could be acting as a stylistic marker, directing the reader to Daniel 4:34 (LXX). There are significant parallels between both texts although a referential relationship requires further evidence. The choice of the participle could be to quote λέγων, 13:14; in this verse, the Beast out of the land ‘says’ (λέγων, which is also an anacoluthon, and as such is highlighted) to those around him to worship the image of the Beast out of the sea. The angel in 14:6-7 speaks to those around him ‘saying’ ‘fear God and give Him glory’. The conduct of the angel appears to stand in direct contrast to the Beast out of the land. ὀνόματα βλασφημίας (acc.), 17:3 should be genitive because it follows γέμω. Aune suggests that it might reflect a literal translation of )lm, with the adoption of the Hebrew accusative of material (BDB, 570)48. It is more likely that John is quoting 13:1. This quote binds the prostitute, the beast (17:3) and the beast out of the sea (13:1). Beale suggests that τὰ ἀκάθαρτα (acc.), 17:4, which is expected to be genitive, is acting as the object of ἔχουσα49. It is difficult to explain why John would adopt such a construct, and he does not appear to utilize it anywhere else in Revela- tion. John is aware that γέμω takes the genitive because the previous noun following the verb, βδελυγμάτων, is genitive. It is more likely that John is quoting 16:13; it associates the unclean fornication of the prostitute with that which comes out of the mouths of the beast and the false prophet. 3. Referring to the Referent of a Metaphor Revelation frequently adopts metaphors and sometimes John helps the reader detect the referent of the metaphor by referring to the case of the referent and not the metaphor50. This pragmatically aids the reader in See λέγων, 4:1 section 2. 47 Aune, Revelation, 908. 48 Beale, The Book, 857; also Charles, A Critical, vol. II, 65. 49 See also Mussies, The Morphology, 138. 50