Matthew D. McDill, «A Textual and Structural Analysis of Mark 16:9-20.», Vol. 17 (2004) 27-44
The purpose of this study is to address two questions: 1) Should Mark 16:9-20 be included in biblical exegesis and 2) If so, what are the structural features of this passage that might aid in its interpretation? In order to answer the first question, the external and internal evidence concerning this passage as a textual variant and the question of its canonicity will be explored.
The second question will be answered by presenting a diagram of the passage’s syntactical and semantic structure and by making observations concerning the unit’s overall structure and development.
A Textual and Structural Analysis of Mark 16:9-20 33
and great commission passages of the other gospels27 and therefore must
be a later addition; and (4) vv. 17-18 have an apocryphal flavor28. Craig
Blomberg writes, “Some of the theology is potentially both heretical and
fatal (see v. 18)!â€29 The fact that there are parallels in the other gospels
(argument three) does not prove that the author of the LE used the other
sources. If one could prove literary dependence, he still must show which
work is dependent upon which. Argument four is a theological argument
and requires an extended exploration of its own. However, one would
have to demonstrate that its teachings were unorthodox in order to prove
that it did not belong in the canon.
The difficulty with ending the gospel at v. 8 is (again) the awkward
ending with the preposition Î³Î¬Ï and the failure of the women, and the
absence of any resurrection appearances30. There is currently a great deal
of literature that attempts to prove that such an ending is grammatically
acceptable and has literary significance that fits into Mark’s style31. The
purpose of this review of internal evidence is to establish the possibility
of arguing that the LE fits into Mark’s style and that its connection to
v. 8 is not insurmountably awkward. Again, one might at least begin his
study of the matter with the understanding that the current consensus of
scholarship may not be as conclusive as it appears.
Possible Solutions
There are several solutions that one may choose from to try to make
sense of this evidence. Farmer presents five: (1) Mark wrote the LE and it
was in the original autograph; (2) Mark used older traditions to write the
LE and it was in the original autograph; (3) The LE existed independent
of this gospel and Mark used it with little or no modification; (4) The
LE was written by a later writer who sought to imitate Mark’s style and
language; and (5) The LE was written by a later writer who did not seek
to imitate Mark’s style and language32. Farmer concludes that option
See Guthrie, Introduction, 91; Carson, et al., Introduction, 103; D.C. Parker, The Liv-
27
ing Text of the Gospels (New York 1997) 138ff.
See A. B. Bruce, The Synoptic Gospels, The Expositor’s Greek Testament, Vol. 1
28
(Grand Rapids 1970) 454.
C. Blomberg, Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey (Nashville 1997)
29
75.
See Guthrie, Introduction, 91; Danove, End of Mark’s Story, 46; D.B. Peabody (ed.),
30
One Gospel from Two: Mark’s Use of Matthew and Luke (New York 2002) 328–29.
See Cox, History and Critique, 211.
31
See Farmer, Last Twelve Verses, 107.
32