Terrance Callan, «Use of the Letter of Jude by the Second Letter of Peter», Vol. 85 (2004) 42-64
Assuming that 2 Pet 2,1–3,3 is dependent on Jude 4-18, this essay describes in detail the way the author of 2 Peter has used Jude’s material. It is clear that the author of 2 Peter has not simply incorporated Jude, as is sometimes asserted. Rather, 2 Peter has thoroughly reworked Jude to serve its own purposes. 2 Pet 2,1–3,3 is best described as a free paraphrase of Jude 4-18. The relationship between the two texts is similar to the relationship between 1 Clem 36.2-5 and Heb 1,3-13.
52 Terrance Callan
participle of a synonymous verb, making the phrase a description of
ongoing behavior. He also eliminated the adjective “otherâ€; this was
appropriate to describe the sin of Sodom and Gomorrah (and of the
angels), but was apparently not suited to describe the sin of the false
teachers. The author of 2 Peter added the prepositional phrase “in
desire of defilementâ€. This makes more explicit the meaning of going
after flesh. It also uses a noun, “defilementâ€, that is cognate with the
verb “defile†used in Jude 8.
The second clause of Jude 8 says that the opponents “reject
authorityâ€. 2 Pet 2,10a replaced “reject†with “despiseâ€. Perhaps the
author of 2 Peter thought that Jude’s language conceded too much power
to the opponents; or perhaps “despise†simply fit his situation better.
Thus 2 Pet 2,4-10a is a thorough revision of Jude 5-8a. Passing
over Jude 5, 2 Peter incorporated Jude 6-8a into a long conditional
sentence consisting of three conditional clauses (vv. 4-8) and a
conclusion (vv. 9-10a). The historical precedents cited in Jude 6-7, 2
Peter fashioned into two of the three conditional clauses; to these the
author added a third. In this way 2 Peter created a list of precedents
supporting the conclusion that God both punishes the unrighteous and
rescues the godly. 2 Peter used the first part of Jude 8 to describe the
false teachers it opposes as unrighteous.
3. Jude 8b-11 / 2 Pet 2,10b-16
dovxa" de; blasfhmou'sin. tolmhtai; aujqavdei", dovxa" ouj
tremousin blasfhmou'nte",
v
1,9 ÔO de; Micah;l oJ ajrcavggelo", o{te tw'/ 2,11 o{pou a[ggeloi ijscuvi> kai; dunavmei
meivzone" o[nte" ouj fevrousin kat∆ aujtw'n
diabovlw/ diakrinovmeno" dielevgeto peri;
tou' Mwu>sevw" swvmato", oujk ejtovlmhsen para; kurivou blavsfhmon krisin. v
krisin ejpenegkei'n blasfhmiva" alla;
v j
ei\pen: ejpitimhvsai soi kuvrio".
1,10 Ou|toi de; osa me;n oujk oi[dasin
{ 2,12 Ou|toi de; wJ" aloga zw'/a
;
blasfhmousin, o{sa de; fusikw'" wJ" ta;
' gegennhmevna fusika; eij" a{lwsin kai;
fqoran ejn oi|" ajgnoou'sin
aloga zw'/a epivstantai, ejn touvtoi"
[ j ;
fqeirontai.
v blasfhmounte", ejn th'/ fqora'/ aujtw'n
'
kai; fqarhvsontai
2,13 ajdikouvmenoi misqo;n ajdikiva",
hJdonh;n hJgouvmenoi th;n ejn hJmevra/
trufhn, spivloi kai; mw'moi ejntrufw'nte"
v
en tai" apatai" aujtw'n
j 'jv
suneuwcoumenoi uJmi'n,
v
2,14 ojfqalmou;" e;conte" mestou;"
moicalivdo" kai; ajkatapauvstou"
aJmartiva", deleavzonte" yuca;"
ajsthrivktou", kardivan gegumnasmevnhn
pleonexiva" e[conte", katavra" tevkna:
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