Debbie Hunn, «Pleasing God or Pleasing People? Defending the Gospel in Galatians 1–2», Vol. 91 (2010) 24-49
Scholars agree that in Gal 1,13–2,21 Paul substantiates his gospel but disagree as to his method. The three common views: that Paul defends his apostolate, that he denies accusations, and that he functions as a paradigm conflict with the text. Instead, Paul sets up two categories in 1,10 — that of seeking to please people and that of seeking to please God — and defends his gospel by means of his Damascus experience together with his subsequent life motivation.
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apostleship 4. However, in 2,6 Paul says that it makes no difference
to him who Peter, James, and John were because God accepts no
one’s person. It would stand to reason that if Paul sought their
endorsement or if he even made the point that he received it, it
might matter to him who they were 5. Furthermore, Paul was not one
to miss the obvious implication of his own words: what difference
did it make that Paul received commendation from Jerusalem? God
accepts no one’s person.
Finally, although one might consider Paul’s reproof of Peter in
2,11-14 to establish Paul’s authority as an apostle 6, Acts 11,2-3
records Jewish Christians chiding Peter without claiming apostolic
rank, and Peter himself rebuked Jesus without messianic aspirations
(Matt 16,21-23). So the fact of the rebuke contributes little to a case
for equality in Paul’s time. In fact, if Paul accuses the premier
apostle of walking away from the truth of the gospel, he cannot
convincingly argue that the Galatians should accept his gospel on
the basis that he is an apostle. Some of Paul’s statements do support
his apostolate — for example, that God called him to preach in
1,15-16 — but confirming his position is not his purpose. Instead,
Paul explicitly severs the rank of any individual from the truth of the
gospel.
H.A. BREHM, “Paul’s Relationship with the Jerusalem Apostles in
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Galatians 1 and 2â€, SJT 37 (1994) 11. See also B.H. MCLEAN, “Galatians 2:7-9
and the Recognition of Paul’s Apostolic Status at the Jerusalem Conference: A
Critique of G. Luedemann’s Solutionâ€, NTS 37 (1991) 68; T. WIARDA, “Plot
and Character in Galatians 1–2 â€, TynB 55 (2004) 243. F.E. UDOH, “Paul’s
Views on the Law: Questions about Origin (Gal 1:6-2 :21; Phil 3:2-11)â€, NT 42
(2000) 229, adds that the reason Paul went to the Council was to receive an
endorsement of his apostolic authority and practice from Jerusalem.
H.D. BETZ, Galatians. A Commentary on Paul’s Letter to the Churches in
Galatia (Hermeneia; Philadelphia, PA 1979) 104, sees recognition of Paul’s
gospel and mission in the passage.
J.D.G. DUNN, “The Relationship between Paul and Jerusalem according
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to Galatians 1 and 2â€, NTS 28 (1982) 461, 473, would have it both ways, i.e.
that Paul wanted both his independence and an acknowledgement by Jerusalem.
He sees a change in Paul’s attitude from one of acknowledging Jerusalem’s
authority in 2,1-10 to one of backing away from it in 2,11-14. To change one’s
mind is certainly within the realm of plausibility, but for Paul to appeal both to
the apostles’ authority and their lack of it in the same argument and with
respect to the same issue is not. The Galatians would not be persuaded.
E.g., G. LUEDEMANN, Paul, Apostle to the Gentiles. Studies in
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Chronology (Philadelphia, PA 1984) 75-77.