Debbie Hunn, «Pleasing God or Pleasing People? Defending the Gospel in Galatians 1–2», Vol. 91 (2010) 24-49
Scholars agree that in Gal 1,13–2,21 Paul substantiates his gospel but disagree as to his method. The three common views: that Paul defends his apostolate, that he denies accusations, and that he functions as a paradigm conflict with the text. Instead, Paul sets up two categories in 1,10 — that of seeking to please people and that of seeking to please God — and defends his gospel by means of his Damascus experience together with his subsequent life motivation.
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did not matter who these apostles were — in God’s sight or Paul’s?
As in the first view, if it mattered that the apostles affirm Paul’s
work, it mattered who they were. Verse 6 would undercut the very
case Paul made.
One aspect of Paul’s character that does distinguish him from
his opponents is that he no longer strives to please people but God
(1,10 ; 6,12). According to the paradigm view, the power of the
gospel wrought this change in Paul, and he encourages the Galatians
to follow his example 27. Does this mean, then, that the gospel
affected the other apostles in the same way 28 ? If so, it seems odd
that in chap. 1 Paul avoids encountering them, men who were also
changed by the power of the gospel. If not, it says little for Paul’s
point if the leaders of the movement were themselves unaffected by
the power Paul argues it had.
Paul’s narrative in 2,11-14 tells against the paradigm view as
well. In Antioch, Peter still agreed with Paul about the gospel
(2,16) 29. Paul, however, accused him of walking away from the truth
of the gospel by refusing to eat any longer with the Gentiles (2,14).
In other words, Peter’s departure from the gospel was behavioral,
not doctrinal or intellectual — he still knew it was Christ who
justifies, and who justifies without the law. But if Paul is attempting
E.g., GAVENTA, “Autobiography as Paradigmâ€, 314.
27
Some scholars question whether Paul and the Jerusalem apostles taught
28
the same gospel. Although GAVENTA, “Autobiography as Paradigmâ€, 319, reads
1,6-9 as a statement that there is only one gospel, LYONS, Pauline
Autobiography, 128, reads it as a denial only of another gospel for the
Galatians. And although SCHÃœTZ, Apostolic Authority, 149, sees Paul opposing
circumcision as part of the one gospel. J. LAMBRECHT, “Unity and Diversity in
Gal 1–2 â€, Unite et Diversite dans l’Église (ed. H. CAZELLES) (Teologia e
Filosofia 15 ; Vatican City 1989) 131, finds two gospels in 2,7-10 where Paul’s
has dropped some of the legal requirements of Jerusalem’s. But both Jew and
Gentile were justified by faith apart from works of the law (2,15-16); and Peter,
if he were justified by a gospel that included keeping the law, would have been
faulted in 2,11-14 for joining the Gentile table not for leaving it. The law was
temporary (3,19) and not a part of the gospel (3,25). SCHÃœTZ, Apostolic
Authority, 155, also correctly points out that the unity of the church depends
upon the singularity of the gospel. Even Paul’s dealings with Peter in Antioch
demonstrate this.
Contra G. HOWARD, Paul : Crisis in Galatia. A Study in Early Christian
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Theology (SNTSMS 35 ; Cambridge – New York 21990) 24. Most exegetes,
however, understand Peter and Paul to be at odds over practice, not doctrine.