The Style of Galatians 497 I. The Vocabulary of Galatians The vocabulary of Galatians is rather highly ornamented. It is ornamented first of all by Paul’s use of four rare words in Galatians: ∆Ioudai?zein and ∆Ioudai>kw'", both in 2,14, frenapata/' in 6,3 and eujproswph'sai in 6,12. None of these four words is used elsewhere in the New Testament, and they seem to have been used rarely before Paul wrote Galatians (4). The vocabulary of Galatians is also ornamented by Paul’s use of seven words that he may have coined himself: pareisavktou" and yeudadevlfou", both in 2,4, ojrqopodou'sin in 2,14, ejpidiatavssetai in 3,15, prokekurwmevnhn in 3,17, peismonhv in 5,8, and eijdwlolatriva in 5,20. There is no indication that any of these was used in pre-Christian Greek (5). Five of them are found only here in the New Testament. yeudadevlfou" is also found in 2 Cor 11,26; Paul seems to have coined the term for one letter and used it again in the other. eijdwlolatriva is also found in 1 Cor 10,14; Col 3,5 and in 1 Pet 4,3. Since 1 Peter probably does not antedate the letters of Paul, Paul seems to have coined the term for one of his letters, used it in others himself, and then had it used by others (6). Finally the vocabulary of Galatians is ornamented by Paul’s use of metaphor and other tropes. I count 36 words and phrases used (4) ∆Ioudai?zein is used once in Esth 8,17 (LXX); later it is found in Josephus, J. W. 2.454, 463; Plutarch, Cicero 7.5 (864C); Ignatius, Magn. 10.3. ∆Ioudai>kw'" is used once in Strabo 16.4.9; later it is found in Josephus, J. W. 6.17. frenapatavw is used twice in pre-Christian Greek, namely in Dorotheus, Fragments and Philo, Fragments. eujproswph'sai is used once in a pre-Christian Greek papyrus. (5) However, pareisavgw, the verb cognate to pareisavktou", is fairly common in pre-Christian Greek. It is found, e.g., in Polybius 1.18.3; 2.7.8; Diodorus Siculus 12.41.4; Philo, Sacr. 94; later the verb is found in 2 Pet 2,1; Plutarch, Mor. 261B and other places. The noun and adjective cognate to ojrqopodou'sin are both found in pre-Christian Greek, namely in Sophocles, Antigone 985 and Nicander, Alexipharmaca 419. J.D.G. Dunn (The Epistle to the Galatians [BNTC; Peabody, MA 1995] 127) also identifies ojrqopodou'sin as a new coinage by Paul. Ben Witherington III (Grace in Galatia. A Commentary on Paul’s Letter to the Galatians [Grand Rapids, MI 1998] 371) also implies that peismonhv was a new coinage by Paul. (6) Betz (Galatians, 284) and Friedrich Büchsel (“ei[dwlon ktl.,” TDNT II, 380) say the concept is Hellenistic-Jewish in origin, but they do not cite any pre- Pauline uses of the term.