Doubt or dispute (Jude 9 and 22-23) 207 Table 1: The chiastic structure of vv. 4-15 verse(s) structure Content [A] the Lord’s judgment 4 5-7 [B] examples of negative behavior 8 [C] application to the infiltrators 9 [D] Michael defers judgment to the Lord 10 [C1] application to the infiltrators 11-13 [B1 polemic 14-15 [A1] the Lord’s judgment At the structural center of vv. 4-14, [D], Jude introduces his audience to one more example. He alludes to a story about a mythological argument (dialevgomai) between the archangel Michael and Satan (23), the setting of which occurs — similar to the example of the angels in v. 6 — within the metaphysical domain. However, dissimilar to v. 6, Michael’s conduct (v. 9) does not provoke God to punish (24). Specifically, by not responding to Satan’s challenge with krivsi" blasfhmiva", “a judgment of blasphemy” (25), Michael sets a positive example that Jude places at the center of the literary unit describing God’s impending eschatological judgment [A][A1] — which, in turn, encloses statements concerning the blasphemous behavior of the infiltrators [C][C1]. The structural placement of [D] suggests that Michael’s deference of a judgment that constitutes blasphemy functions as the central paradigm for non-judgmental conduct towards the community’s infiltrators that Jude expects of his audience. Jude contrasts Michael’s non-blasphemous conduct, which respects God’s (23) With the exception that Michael disputes (diakrinovmeno") with Satan concerning Moses’ body and, in the end, calls on God to rebuke Satan, Jude discloses few details about the quarrel. Most scholars assume Jude relied on a text called Assumptio Mosis (cf. CHARLES, Source Material, 137; HARRINGTON, Jude and 2 Peter, 178-179, 198, 207-210) or Testament of Moses (cf. R.J. BAUCKHAM, Jude, 2 Peter [WBC 50; Waco 1983] 65-76) that is available today only in fragments (Assumptio Mosis, ed. A.-M. DENIS, Fragmenta pseudepigraphorum quae supersunt Graeca [Pseudepigrapha veteris testamenti Graece 3; Leiden 1970] 63-67). (24) S.J. KRAFTCHICK, Jude, 2 Peter (Abingdon New Testament Commentary; Nashville 2002) 45, calls it a “counter-example”. (25) With J.B. MAYOR, The Epistle of St. Jude and the Second Epistle of St. Peter. Greek Text with Introduction, Notes and Comments (Grand Rapids 1907) 36, I understand the genitive blasfhmiva" to be an adjectival qualifier of the noun krivsi".