52 Matthew Oseka by the Vulgate and by Eastern church fathers but which is omitted in D* (5th-6th century) and in the pre-Jeromian Latin translations termed collectively as Vetus Latina or Itala (exactly in codices “b”18 and “d”19). Besides, certain Western church fathers (cf. Irenaeus20, Tertullian21, Gaius Marius Victorinus22 and Ambrosiaster23) omitted οὐδὲ, while Jerome24, Primasius of Hadrumetum25 and Claudius of Turin26 notified of some Latin manuscripts without οὐδὲ27. The said conjunction is present both in Erasmus’ Greek New Testament and in the Polyglot. Luther recalled Jerome’s statement that the Greek text of Galatians 2,5 has οὐδὲ, whereas the old Latin translations are devoid thereof. Whether the negative conjunction is present or absent determines a meaning of the passage which the Wittenberg Reformer captured. Luther argued that Galatians 2,3-4 naturally leads to the conclusion that Paul and Titus did not surrender to false brothers even for a moment. By virtue of the authority of the original text and in light of the context Luther defended οὐδὲ. This very topic was also discussed by the eminent commentators of the 16th century (cf. Laurentius Valla28, Jacobus Faber Stapulensis29 and Erasmus30). 18 No. 89, Budapest, 8th-9th century. 19 No. 75, Paris, 5th-6th century. 20 Irenaeus, Adversus haereses, vol. 2, ed. William Wigan Harvey (Cambridge: Typis academicis, 1857), 74 [III, XIII, 3]. Ibidem, 74 (n. 1). 21 Tertullianus, “Adversus Marcionem,” in Opera, vol. III/1, ed. Ernst Friedrich Leopold (Leipzig: Tauchnitz, 1841), 260 [V, 3]. 22 Marius Victorinus, “In Epistolam Pauli ad Galatas,” in Patrologiae cursus completus: Series Latina, vol. 8, ed. J.-P. Migne (Paris: J.-P. Migne, 1844), 1158 [Galatians 2,5]. 23 Ambrosiaster, “In Epistolam beati Pauli ad Galatas,” in Patrologiae cursus completus: Series Latina, vol. 17, ed. J.-P. Migne (Paris: J.-P. Migne, 1845), 347 [Galatians 2,5]. 24 Hieronymus Stridonensis, “Commentaria in Epistolam ad Galatas,” in Patrologiae cursus completus: Series Latina, vol. 26, ed. J.-P. Migne (Paris: J.-P. Migne, 1845), 333-335 [Galatians 2,5]. 25 Primasius Adrumetanus, “Epistola B. Pauli Apostoli ad Galatas,” in Patrologiae cursus completus: Series Latina, vol. 68, ed. J.-P. Migne (Paris: J.-P. Migne, 1866), 587 [Galatians 2,5]. 26 Claudius Taurinensis, “Enarratio in Epistolam D. Pauli ad Galatas,” in Patrologiae cursus completus: Series Latina, vol. 104, ed. J.-P. Migne (Paris: J.-P. Migne, 1864), 856-857 [Galatians 2,5]. 27 Bruce Manning Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2000), 522-523 [Galatians 2,5]. 28 Laurentius Valla, In Novum Testamentum annotationes (Basel: Cratander, 1526), 268 [Galatians 2,5]. 29 Jacobus Faber Stapulensis, Epistolae divi Pauli apostoli cum commentariis (Paris: Regnault, 1517), CXXIIv [Galatians 2,5]. 30 Erasmus Roterodamus, In Novum Testamentum annotationes (Basel: Froben, 1527), 509 [Galatians 2,5].