Paul Danove, «The Interpretation and Translation of Verbs of "Giving" in the New Testament», Vol. 23 (2010) 109-127
This article resolves the occurrences of the thirteen NT verbs of “giving” into seven usages and considers the interpretation and translation of the verbs with each usage. The introductory discussion develops the semantic and syntactic criteria for identifying verbal usages and the distinguishing characteristics of verbs of “giving”. The study identifies the semantic, syntactic, and lexical properties of all occurrences of each verb with each usage, clarifies potential difficulties for interpretation, and proposes procedures for translation that accommodate the interpretive constraints with each usage. The concluding discussion distinguishes the function of complements with the same lexical realizations in different usages.
118 Paul Danove
I have given and set [[for you]] before you an opened door [[which has
become yours]] (Rev 3,8a)
δέδωκα ἐνώπιόν σου θύραν ἠνεῳγμένην
The N+dat [–an] Locative appears on two occasions:16
…that he might give over and place [[for the governor]] Jesus [[who
would become the governor’s]] under the rule and authority of the
governor (Luke 20,20)
…ὥστε παραδοῦναι αὐτὸν τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος
The P/ἐν [+an] realization appears on three occasions; and the P/ἐν
[–an] realization appears on three occasions:17
[+an] Now I commend you to God and to his word of grace being able
to build up and give and set [[for the sanctified]] the inheritance
[[which becomes the sanctified’s]] on all those being sanctified
(Acts 20,32)
τὰ νῦν παρατίθεμαι ὑμᾶς τῷ θεῷ καὶ τῷ λόγῳ τῆς χάριτος
αὐτοῦ, τῷ δυναμένῳ οἰκοδομῆσαι καὶ δοῦναι τὴν κληρονομίαν
ἐν τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις πᾶσιν
[–an] …the one giving [[for us]] the down payment of the spirit [[which
becomes ours]] in our hearts (2 Cor 1,22)
…δοὺς τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ πνεύματος ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν
4. Delegation to a Goal
Three of the verbs (δίδωμι, παραδίδωμι, and χαρίζομαι) appear with
the usage of Delegation to a Goal. With this usage, the verbs require
completion by an Agent, an Event (the complete circumstantial scene of
an action or event), and a Goal. With this usage, verbs of “giving” make
(1) the +animate Goal entity the Benefactive of the action and Event or (2)
the +animate Benefactive of the –animate Goal entity the Benefactive of
16
N+dat [–an] Locative: παραδίδωμι, Luke 20,20; 23,25. These two occurrences cohere
with the LXX, in which N+dat consistently realizes –animate Locative complements with
all verbs of giving: δίδωμι, Deut 11,14; 28,12.24; 1 Kgs 6,6; Neh 2,17; 1 Macc 11,23; 14,29;
3 Macc 6,6; Ode 7,43; Prov 2,3; 4,9; 6,4; Sir 25,25; 39,15; Sol 5,9; Jer 8,23; Ezek 15,4.6a;
παραδίδωμι, Isa 53,6.
17
P/ἐν [+an] Locative: Acts 4,12; 20,32; 2 Cor 6,3; and P/ἐν [–an] Locative: Luke 12,51;
John 3,35; 2 Cor 1,22.