Paul Danove, «The Interpretation and Translation of Verbs of "Giving" in the New Testament» filologia-neotestamentaria, Vol. 23 (2010) 109-127 page 123

Vol 23 (2010)

Paul Danove, «The Interpretation and Translation of Verbs of "Giving" in the New Testament», Vol. 23 (2010) 109-127

This article resolves the occurrences of the thirteen NT verbs of “giving” into seven usages and considers the interpretation and translation of the verbs with each usage. The introductory discussion develops the semantic and syntactic criteria for identifying verbal usages and the distinguishing characteristics of verbs of “giving”. The study identifies the semantic, syntactic, and lexical properties of all occurrences of each verb with each usage, clarifies potential difficulties for interpretation, and proposes procedures for translation that accommodate the interpretive constraints with each usage. The concluding discussion distinguishes the function of complements with the same lexical realizations in different usages.

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The Interpretation and Translation of Verbs of "Giving" in the New Testament 123 ἐγερθήσονται γὰρ ψευδόχριστοι καὶ ψευδοπροφῆται καὶ δώσουσιν σημεῖα μεγάλα καὶ τέρατα ὥστε πλανῆσαι, εἰ δυνατόν, καὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς The Benefactive is an indefinite null complement (INC) on 25 occasions:24 The moon will not give [for anyone]] its light [[which will become no one’s]] (Mark 13,24) ἡ σελήνη οὐ δώσει τὸ φέγγος αὐτῆς 6. Transformation Only δίδωμι appears with the usage of Transformation. With this usage, δίδωμι requires completion by an Agent, a Patient, and a Resultative (the final state of an entity). The verb admits to completion by a +animate Benefactive adjunct that specifies the entity for which the action occurs and the Resultative exists. Since “give” does not occur with this usage in English, the translation uses “make”, the most common English verb with a parallel usage. Like δίδωμι with this usage, “make” admits to completion by a Benefactive adjunct. This adjunct consistently is +animate and has three realizations: N+dat (for), P/ὑπέρ [+gen] (for, on behalf of), and the P/ἀντί (for, on behalf of). When the Benefactive adjunct is null, the noun that realizes the Resultative requires completion by a Benefactive that is consistently +animate, and this +animate entity is the Benefactive of the action itself. The indefinite null Benefactive adjunct has the interpretation, “whoever other than the Agent that appropriately may benefit from the action”. The N+acc Patient / N+acc Resultative appears on eight occasions:25 He made him head [[which becomes the church’s]] above all things for the church (Eph 1,22) αὐτὸν ἔδωκεν κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 24 INC Benefactive: ἀνταποδίδωμι, Heb 10,30; διαδίδωμι, Luke 11,22; δίδωμι, Matt 24,29; Mark 13,24; Luke 6,38a; Acts 2,19; 20,35; 1 Cor 14,7a.9; Gal 3,21; παραδίδωμι, Matt 4,12; 10,4; 24,10; Mark 1,14; 3,19; 7,13; John 6,64.71; 12,4; 13,2.11.21; 21,20; Acts 3,13; 1 Cor 13,3. 25 Benefactive adjunct: N+dat [+an] (δίδωμι, Eph 1,22); P/ὑπέρ [+an] (δίδωμι, 1 Tim 2,6; παραδίδωμι, Eph 5,2); P/ἀντί [+an] (δίδωμι, Matt 20,28; Mark 10,45) and INC (δίδωμι, Matt 16,26; Mark 8,37; Luke 11,41).