126 Paul Danove 8. Initial Motion from a Source for a Benefactive Only παραδίδωμι in Mark 4,29 appears with the usage of Initial Motion from a Source for a Benefactive. With this usage, παραδίδωμι requires completion by a Theme, a Source (the literal or figurative entity from which something moves), and a Benefactive.27 This is the second usage in which the verb requires completion by the Benefactive of the action itself. Since this usage focuses on the initiation of motion, at which the Theme and Source are strictly coincident, the Source is a definite null complement; and its referent is retrieved from the Theme. The action makes the third complement, which is the Benefactive of the action itself, the Benefactive of the Theme, which is the entity undergoing a change in locale. This is similar to the Benefactive relationship with the Theme placed on the referent of the Goal and Locative with usages of Transference. The third (Benefactive) complement is definite and null in Mark 4,29. Translation of παραδίδωμι with this usage is difficult because English verbs of “giving” do not appear with a comparable usage. Although the most straightforward translation would combine “go”, the most common English verb with the similar usage of Initial Motion from a Source (a Theme initiates motion from a Source), with “over”, the defining characteristic of the first element of the Greek verb, the English translation, “come forth”, better captures the sense.28 No translation, however, is able to accommodate the necessary reference to the Benefactive of the action itself: When the fruit [[which will become his]] comes forth [[for him]], immediately he (the one casting seed on the ground, cf. 4,26) sends the sickle (Mark 4,29) ὅταν δὲ παραδοῖ ὁ καρπός, εὐθὺς ἀποστέλλει τὸ δρέπανον 27 Further discussion of this usage appears in P. Danove, A Grammatical and Exegetic- al Study of New Testament Verbs of Transference: A Case Frame Guide to Interpretation and Translation (SNTG 13; LNTS 328; London — New York 2009) 118-20, 174, 191, 196. 28 Comparisons to the two Greek verbs of transference other than verbs of “giving” with the parallel usage of Initial Motion from a Source offer limited guidance for translation. With this usage, ἄγω always appears in the imperative and has the translation, “go!” (Matt 26,46; Mark 14,42; Jas 4,13). The singular occurrence of ἐπιβάλλω with this usage (Mark 14,72) has occasioned much debate; and its exact meaning remains unresolved: cf. R.E. Brown, The Death of the Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave: A Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels (2 Vols.; ABRL; New York 1994) 609-10.