Terrance Callan, «Reading the Earliest Copies of 2 Peter», Vol. 93 (2012) 427-450
An examination of the three earliest extant copies of 2 Peter (namely those found in Papyrus 72, Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus) is made in order to determine how the meaning of 2 Peter is affected by differences among the three copies, especially the textual variations among them. These textual variations produce significantly different understandings of Jesus in the three copies of 2 Peter, as well as other less prominent differences in meaning.
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the likely original text of 2 Peter these are all things for life and
piety, but in Sinaiticus they are all things for God and life and piety.
The presence of “God†in this list suggests that even if Jesus has
divine power, he is not God. His divine power has given all things
for God, who is someone other than Jesus.
In light of Sinaiticus’ text in 1,1 and 3, it is also possible that in
Sinaiticus “God†rather than “Jesus†is understood as the antecedent
of “his†in the phrase “his divine power.†This would further reduce
any suggestion that Jesus is divine according to Sinaiticus’ 2 Peter.
Another peculiarity of Sinaiticus that is congenial to its presen-
tation of Jesus as someone distinct from God is its version of 1,14.
In this verse Sinaiticus says simply that Jesus Christ revealed the
imminence of Peter’s death to Peter, while the likely original text
says that o kurioj hmwn (our Lord) Jesus Christ revealed it. Insofar
as the title “Lord†implies the divinity of Jesus 27, not using the title
here avoids the presentation of Jesus as divine 28.
A final peculiarity of 2 Peter in Sinaiticus that is congenial to its
presentation of Jesus as someone distinct from God is its version of
the words of the heavenly voice to Jesus in 1,17. According to Sinaiti-
cus the voice said outoj estin o uj mou o agaphtoj eij on egw
eudokhsa (this is my beloved son in whom I am well pleased), while
according to the likely original text the voice said o uioj mou o
agaphtoj mou outoj estin eij on egw eudokhsa (my son, my
beloved, is this one, in whom I am well pleased). The latter version
suggests that the voice is indicating the identity of the son of God,
while Sinaiticus’ version suggests that the voice is disclosing the
identity of Jesus. By making “my son†the predicate rather than the
subject of the sentence, Sinaiticus makes the status of Jesus as son
of God slightly less emphatic than in the probable original text.
In agreement with Sinaiticus’ distinction between Jesus and
God, three other peculiarities of 2 Peter in Sinaiticus emphasize the
transcendence of God. 1) In 1,21 Sinaiticus describes prophecy by
saying elalhsan agioi qu anqrwpoi (holy human beings of God
spoke), while the probable original text says elalhsan apo qeou
anqrwpoi (human beings spoke from God). The text in Sinaiticus
stresses the holiness of prophets and that they belong to God, but
27
CALLAN, “Christology of the Second Letter of Peterâ€, 254-255.
28
Sinaiticus has the title “Lord†in 1,1 where it is not found in the likely
original text, but there, as we have seen, it replaces “God.â€