388 David J. Armitage Warn (134) Future event / state Speaker has reason Speaker Counts as to believe that believes event / undertaking by event / state will state is not in speaker that event / occur and is not in hearer’s best state is not in hearer’s hearer’s best interest best interests interest Not obvious to both speaker and hearer that event / state will occur Paul’s expression of amazement points towards fulfilment of the preparatory condition for both rebuke and lament. This preparatory condition is not directly asserted, but its fulfilment would be implied to someone who believed that Paul had the Galatians’ best interests at heart. The propositional content of Paul’s statement also fits with what rebuke and lament require. Both acts can legitimately be inferred from this verse; they do not exclude each other. Events in Galatia had caused Paul deep sorrow and perplexity (cf Gal 4,19-20), but also anger, directed primarily at those who were leading the Galatians astray. In v. 7 Paul clarifies the use in v. 6 of e{teron eujaggevlion, asserting that those troubling the Galatians are distorting the gospel of Christ. This is followed by an assertion in v. 8, the propositional content of which is essentially that preaching contrary to the gospel by anybody leads to anathematization. Since v. 8 is linked to the preceding assertions by ajllav, it functions as an expansion of the point they are making, and under these circumstances, these utterances can be thought of as functioning as parts of a single illocutionary act, in this case an argument. Felicity conditions for assertion and argument based on Searle’s suggestions (135) are shown in Table 5. The only difference between them is that the essential condition for an argument includes the notion of attempting to convince someone else. By asserting that it is unacceptable for anybody to preach an alternative gospel, v. 8 attempts to convince the Galatians of the seriousness of the distortion of the gospel mentioned in v. 7. Together these two statements clarify Paul’s rebuke in v. 6: the Galatians have turned from the only authentic gospel. Young discusses the use of conditional statements to express assertion (136). He suggests that “assertions are recognized in conditionals when the ‘then’ clause does not follow logically the ‘if’ (134) SEARLE, Speech Acts, 67. (135) SEARLE, Speech Acts, 66. (136) YOUNG, “Classification”, 44-45.