Paul Danove, «Distinguishing Goal and Locative Complements of New Testament Verbs of Transference.», Vol. 20 (2007) 51-66
This study develops a rigorous method for distinguishing the Goal or Locative function of dative case noun phrase and ei0j and pro/j prepositional phrase required complements of NT verbs that designate transference. The discussion examines the manner in which Greek verbs grammaticalize the event of transference and proposes a semantic feature, ±animate, which specifies whether the entity designated by the complement is or is not attributed with the characteristics of a living being. An investigation of all occurrences of the dative case, ei0j, and pro/j required verbal complements then permits a distinction in their function as either Goal or Locative based on their animacy. The study concludes with an investigation of the constraints that these verbs place on the interpretation of their required complements.
52 Paul Danove
however, can require completion by and so govern without ambiguity the
relationships among at most three semantic entities. Verbs address this
disparity in logical / semantic requirements by assuming a perspective
in which the Agent is coincident with either the Source or Goal at the
initiation of transference. This permits verbs to omit consideration of the
coincident Source or Goal, which may be retrieved as the initial locale of
the Agent, and to raise the three remaining semantic entities to the status
of required arguments. This study investigates verbs that designate trans-
ference to a Goal, in which the Source is omitted and the verbs require
completion by an Agent, a Theme and a Goal.
The three lexical realizations of the Goal in the study specify the locale
of the Theme at the termination of motion in relation to the Goal entity:
proximity (Ï€Ïός, “to†or “towardâ€), close proximity or contact (dative
case, “toâ€), and contact or penetration (εἰς, “to†or “intoâ€):
He sent his slaves to the farmers… (Matt 21,34)
ἀπέστειλεν τοὺς δούλους αá½Ï„οῦ Ï€Ïὸς τοὺς γεωÏγοὺς…
I will give to you the crown of life (Rev 2,10)
δώσω σοι τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς
He threw himself into the sea (John 21,7)
ἔβαλεν ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν.
Although the lexical realization of the Goal constrains the interpreta-
tion of the locale toward which the Theme moves, it does not specify
whether the final locale of the Theme is transitory or durative. In order
to introduce the concept of duration, verbs re-conceptualize the event of
transference in such a manner that the Goal becomes the entity in rela-
tion to which the locale of the Theme is fixed or stable at the termination
of transference. In this re-conceptualization, the Goal entity functions
as a semantic Locative (the literal or figurative place in which an entity
is situated). Most frequently, the Locative is realized by an á¼Î½ (in / on)
prepositional phrase:
They placed it [the body of John the Baptist] in a tomb (Mark 6,29)
ἔθηκαν αá½Ï„ὸ á¼Î½ μνημείῳ.
This study investigates the 906 NT occurrences of verbs of transfer-
ence with a required dative case, εἰς, or Ï€Ïός complement. The study
also requires a consideration of the semantic entities designated by these
complements and their associated Theme complements. This presents a