Paul Danove, «Distinguishing Goal and Locative Complements of New Testament Verbs of Transference.», Vol. 20 (2007) 51-66
This study develops a rigorous method for distinguishing the Goal or Locative function of dative case noun phrase and ei0j and pro/j prepositional phrase required complements of NT verbs that designate transference. The discussion examines the manner in which Greek verbs grammaticalize the event of transference and proposes a semantic feature, ±animate, which specifies whether the entity designated by the complement is or is not attributed with the characteristics of a living being. An investigation of all occurrences of the dative case, ei0j, and pro/j required verbal complements then permits a distinction in their function as either Goal or Locative based on their animacy. The study concludes with an investigation of the constraints that these verbs place on the interpretation of their required complements.
58 Paul Danove
But a certain poor man … Lazarus by name, had been cast [and set] at his
gate (Luke 16,20)
πτωχὸς δέ τις ὀνόματι ΛάζαÏος á¼Î²á½³Î²Î»Î·Ï„ο Ï€Ïὸς τὸν πυλῶνα αá½Ï„οῦ ...
[a crippled man] whom they placed every day at the gate of the Temple…
(Acts 3,2)
ὃν á¼Ï„ίθουν καθ᾿ ἡμέÏαν Ï€Ïὸς τὴν θύÏαν τοῦ ἱεÏοῦ....
In the third occurrence, á¼Ïπάζω (take up) is completed by two coor-
dinated Ï€Ïός complements. The former designates a +animate Goal, and
the latter a –animate Locative:
Her child was taken up to God [and set] at his throne (Rev 12,5)
ἡÏπάσθη τὸ τέκνον αá½Ï„ῆς Ï€Ïὸς τὸν θεὸν καὶ Ï€Ïὸς τὸν θÏόνον αá½Ï„οῦ.
The –animate Theme appears with a –animate Ï€Ïός complement only
in Acts 13,36 with Ï€Ïοστίθημι (add, place [in addition]) and in Acts 4,37
with φέÏω (bring); and the Ï€Ïός complement functions as a Locative13.
The classification of “David†and “ancestors†reflects the fact that both
are portrayed as no longer living in the context:
David…slept and was placed with his ancestors and saw corruption (Acts
13,36)
∆αυὶδ...á¼ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î¼á½µÎ¸Î· καὶ Ï€Ïοσετέθη Ï€Ïὸς τοὺς πατέÏας αá½Ï„οῦ καὶ εἶδεν
διαφθοÏάν
They brought the wealth / proceeds and placed [it] at the feet of the apostles
(Acts 4,37)
ἤνεγκαν τὸ χÏῆμα καὶ ἔθηκεν Ï€Ïὸς τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἀποστόλων.
These considerations permit the formulation of the following descrip-
tive rule for required Ï€Ïός complements of verbs of transference14:
Except in the context of an intruding grammatical principle (as in Heb
5,7), the required Ï€Ïός complement functions as a Goal when it is +animate
The definite null Theme with τίθημι in Acts 4,37 may be retrieved from earlier in
13
the verse.
These twelve verbs appear elsewhere with a Ï€Ïός complement only in John 11,15 with
14
ἄγω. In this occurrence, ἄγω designates an event of motion, requires completion by only
two complements, and has the interpretation “goâ€; and the Ï€Ïός complement designates a
+animate entity (Lazarus) and functions as a Goal.