51 DISTINGUISHING GOAL AND LOCATIVE COMPLEMENTS OF NEW TESTAMENT VERBS OF TRANSFERENCE PAUL DANOVE This study develops a rigorous method for distinguishing the Goal or Locative function of dative case noun phrase and εἰς and πρός prepositional phrase required complements of NT verbs that designate transference. The discussion examines the manner in which Greek verbs grammaticalize the event of transference and proposes a semantic feature, ±animate, which specifies whether the entity designated by the complement is or is not at- tributed with the characteristics of a living being. An investigation of all oc- currences of the dative case, εἰς, and πρός required verbal complements then permits a distinction in their function as either Goal or Locative based on their animacy. The study concludes with an investigation of the constraints that these verbs place on the interpretation of their required complements. 1. The Grammaticalization of the Event of Transference NT verbs that designate transference grammaticalize a specific con- ceptualization of the event of transference1. This event logically involves four entities: one who transfers, who or what is transferred, the locale from which the transferred entity moves, and the locale to which the transferred entity moves2. These descriptions correspond to the semantic roles, Agent (the entity that actively instigates an action), Theme (the entity moving from one place to another or located in a place), Source (the literal or figurative entity from which something moves), and Goal (the literal or figurative entity towards which something moves)3. The conceptualization of the event of transference sets four logical en- tities in particular relationships to each other. Greek (like English) verbs, A more detailed description of the event of transference and its grammaticalization 1 appears in P. Danove, “Verbs of Transference and Their Derivatives of Motion and State in the New Testament: A Study of Focus and Perspective”, FilNeot XIX (2006) 53-71. An event is a cognitive schema of an action in which two, three, or four entities are set 2 in a particular relation to each other: C. Goddard, Semantic Analysis: A Practical Introduc- tion (Oxford 1998) 197-8. These and subsequent definitions of semantic roles are taken from P. Danove, Lin- 3 guistics and Exegesis in the Gospel of Mark: Applications of a Case Frame Analysis and Lexicon (JSNTSS 218; SNTG 10; Sheffield 2001) 31-4. Filología Neotestamentaria - Vol. XX - 2007, pp. 51-66 Facultad de Filosofía y Letras - Universidad de Córdoba (España)