Timo Flink, «Son and Chosen. A Text-critical Study of John 1,34.», Vol. 18 (2005) 85-109
John 1,34 contains a perennial textual problem. Is Jesus depicted as the
Son of God, the Chosen One of God, or something else? Previous studies
have not been able to solve this problem satisfactorily to all textual critics.
This study is a new attempt to resolve it by using a recently noted singular
reading in P75*. I argue that this reading changes the transcriptional probabilities.
It is lectio difficilior from which all other variant readings derive
due second century scribal habits. John 1,34 should read "The Chosen Son".
This affects the Johannine theology. This new reading has implications for
how to deal with some singular readings elsewhere.
Timo Flink
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that the scribe changed the better attested κλεκτ ς to μονογεν ς
instead of copying it, because there is no κλεκτ ς elsewhere in the
Fourth Gospel. The reading is surely a secondary corruption46, for it is
virtually certain that this variant reading is not “originalâ€, because it
requires a similar transcriptional history as the variant reading (5) in
order to be the “originalâ€. The probability for that is too remote.
The Variant readings (7) and (8)
The variant reading (7) omits the latter part of the verse beginning
with τι (codex 732*). The variant reading (8) omits the whole verse (co-
dex 2718). In the case of 732, the omission could be accidental, because the
words ο τ ς στιν are found in the previous verse. The original scribe’s
eye could have slipped to the wrong line and he could have thought he
already wrote the phrase, especially if he was interrupted for some rea-
son. The corrector added the missing clause in 732c. The omission of the
whole verse in 2718 is more likely a deliberate attempt to circumvent
the text-critical problem. It is unlikely that the previous κ γ in John
1,33 caused such a long haplography. These variant readings need not be
considered further.
The Variant Reading (1)
The variant reading υ ς το θεο has by far the widest manuscript
support. It is found across all the text-types and diverse geographical
locales (Rome, Egypt, Syria, Caesarea pc). It is a second century read-
ing as attested by the early papyri. It is in harmony with the style and
the theology of the Fourth Evangelist with a clear Old Testament back-
ground. It is not liable to heterodox teachings and fits the context. If this
is the “original†reading, how does one explain the variant readings (2)
through (4)? As I already noted, there are those who see κλεκτ ς το
θεο as a rewritten harmonisation to other Old Testament background
or to parallel texts in the Synoptic Gospels in part of the manuscript
tradition. The longer reading, υ ς κλεκτ ς το θεο , could then be
taken as a conflation of these readings in part of that tradition (clearly
so in ff2c). But how does one explain υ ς κλεκτ ς? For what reason
might any scribe change το θεο to κλεκτ ς? It makes no sense in
the second century anti-Adoptionistic environment. The reversal is more
likely. Scribes would be more inclined to change κλεκτ ς to το θεο
to create a familiar reading, which is precisely what happens in P75. The
anti-Adoptionistic tendencies also favour the change from κλεκτ ς
46
Morris, The Gospel According to John, 134.