Paul Danove, «A Comparison Of The Usage Of Akouw And Akouw- Compounds In The Septuagint And New Testament», Vol. 14 (2001) 65-86
This study characterizes all occurrences of
a0kou/w and seven related verbs (a0ntakou/w,
diakou/w, ei0sakou/w,
e0nakou/w, e0pakou/w,
parakou/w, and u9pakou/w)
in the Septuagint and New Testament according to their semantic and
syntactic properties, develops a single set of rules to describe the
distribution of noun phrase objects of these verbs, and then compares the
patterns of usage of these verbs in the Septuagint and New Testament. A
preliminary discussion identifies the semantic and syntactic properties
necessary to describe all biblical occurrences of
a0kou/w and proposes a set of descriptive rules that govern the
syntactic case of its noun phrase objects. Further investigation then
indicates that this same set of rules with only one minor modification
also is adequate to describe the syntactic case of noun phrase objects of
the noted a0kou/w-compounds. The discussion
concludes by comparing the distribution of noun phrase objects in
particular syntactic cases within the Septuagint and New Testament.
A Comparison of the Usage of ajkouvw and ajkouvw-Compounds 81
The verb, eijsakouvw, has a significantly greater usage in contexts in
which a response is registered (>98% of occurrences) in comparison to
akouw (approximately 60%) 37. The verb also is used intransitively [50
jv
occurrences]38 and in the passive [4 occurrences] 39.
5. enakouw
j v
Enakouw, requires two arguments, an experiencer and a content of
j v
direct perception (content construction). It may be translated, «listen to»
or «obey.» The two active voice occurrences are characterized by [+
response] and follow rules #2 and 3 established for ajkouvw:
1.[+ speaker, + response]: in the genitive case (1 Esdr 4:10)
2.[– speaker, + response]: in the accusative case (1 Esdr 4:3)
It also appears in the passive (Nah 1:12).
6. epakouw
j v
Epakouw, is characterized by two distinct constructions. The first, a
j v
content construction, requires two arguments, an experiencer and a con-
12:15; 1 Kgs 8:29; 8:30a; 8:45; 2 Kgs 10:6; 2 Chr 34:21; Jdth 4:13; 8:17; 9:4; 9:12; 2
Mac 8:3; 3 Mac 2:10; 2:21; Ps 4:2b; 5:4; 6:9; 6:10; 16:1; 16:6b; 26:7; 27:2; 30:23;
38:13; 39:2; 53:4; 54:18; 60:2; 60:6; 63:2; 64:3; 83:9; 101:2; 105:25; 105:44; 114:1;
129:2; 142:1a; 144:19; Prov 12:15; 28:9; Sir 4:6 [S]; 34:24; 34:26; 36:16; Zeph 3:2;
Zech 6:15b; 7:12; Jer 11:10; 14:12; 18:19b; 19:15; 23:22; 33:5a; 42:8 [A] (introduced
by prov»); 47:3b [A]; 49:21 [A]; Bar 2:14; Sus 35; 44; Dan 9:10; 9:11 [A]; 9:14; 9:17.
35
Object noun phrase [+response, –speaker] (accusative, direct): Exod 2:24; 6:5;
16:7; 16:8b; 16:9; 16:12; 16:28; Deut 11:13 [A,R]; 11:28 [A]; 30:16; Judg 5:16 [A]; 2
Kgs 19:4; Esth 4:17z; Ps 9:38; 57:6; Job 34:28; Sir 35:13; Hab 3:2; Isa 32:9; 37:4.
36
Object noun phrase [–response, –speaker] (accusative, direct): 1 Kgs 3:11; Tob
3:15; Job 27:9; Ez 13:19.
37
As in the case of ajkouvw, this response may occur through an infinitive phrase in the
same clause and may indicate the presence of a third characteristic construction trans-
lated by «respond [concerning what is heard] to [the speaker] by [infinitive phrase]:
eja;n eijsakouvsh/~ th'~ fwnh'~ kurivou...fulavssein pavsa~ ta;~ ejntola;~ aujtou`
if you listen to the voice of [the] Lord...to keep all his commandments (Deut 13:19 [A])
It occurs with (1) [+speaker: Gen 34:17; Esth 1:12; Sir 3:6; Jer 17:24; Dan 9:10], (2)
[–speaker, genitive: Deut 13:19 [A]; 15:5(M); 28:1 [A]; 28:15; 28:45; 30:10; 2 Chr
34:21; Jer 17:27; 42:8 [A] (introduced by prov~); Dan 9:10], and (3) [–speaker, accusa-
tive: Deut 11:13 [A,R]; 30:16].
38
Object definite and null (active): Exod 7:16; 11:10; Deut 30:17; Judg 11:28a [A];
1Kgs 8:30b; 8:32; 8:36; 8:39; 8:42; 8:49; 2 Chr 6:21; 6:23; 6:25; 6:27; 6:30; 7:14; Neh
9:17; 9:28; Ps 21:3; 37:16; 54:20; 65:18; 91:12; 151:3; Prov 21:13; Job 9:16a [A];
35:12; 37:23; Mic 7:7; Hab 1:2; Zech 6:15a; 7:11; 7:13b; Mal 3:16; Isa 37:17; 42:23;
46:7; 59:1; Jer 6:10 [R]; 7:16; 7:24 [A]; 11:14; 25:4; 40:6; 42:14 [A]; 42:15 [A, R]; Bar
2:16 [A]; Dan 9:17.
39
Experiencer indefinite and null (passive): Tob 3:16; 2 Macc 1:18; Eccl 9:16; Sir
3:5; 51:11; Dan 10:12; Matt 6:7; Luke 1:13; Acts 10:31; Heb 5:7.