A Comparison of the Usage of ajkouvw and ajkouvw-Compounds 71 The 625 non-speaker noun phrase objects of ajkouvw divide into three groups: 183 genitive objects, 441 accusative objects, and three dative objects 14. In 181 of the 183 occurrences of genitive non-speaker objects, the subject of ajkouvw reappears in the immediate context as the subject of another verb that presents a response to the «hearing 15.» The nature of the «response» under discussion admits to four qualifi- cations. First, it may be real (usually indicative), potential (usually sub- junctive), or only desired (usually imperative): oJ ou\n Pila`to~ ajkouvsa~ tw`n lovgwn touvtwn h[gagen e[xw to;n Ihsoun j ` then Pilate, hearing these words, brought [indicative] Jesus outside ( John 19:13) shmeron, eja;n th~ fwnh~ aujtou` ajkouvshte, mh; sklhruvnhte ta~ v ; kardia" v Today, if you hear his voice, do not harden [subjunctive] your hearts (Heb 3:7; cf. Ps 94:7d-8a). hkousan fwnh~ megavlh~ ejk tou` oujranou` legouvsh~ aujtoi`", [ Anabate w|de j v They heard a great voice from heaven saying to them, «Come up [imperative] here» (Rev 11:12). Second, the response may be positive or negative: appear in the accusative case, later is made to denote speakers through the choice of the gender (masculine/ animate) of the participle, levgonta". Here the use of the accusative case may reflect a desire to establish at least tenuous syntactic continuity between the noun and participle. This option receives the support of the NRSV and of M. Zerwick, Analysis Philologica Novi Testamenti Graeci (Rome: Scripta Pontificii Instituti Biblici, 1966), p. 575. 14 The genitive relative pronoun (w|n) in 1 Sam 15:14 [A] expresses an adverbial tem- poral relationship, indicating that in this occurrence ajkouvw is intransitive. 15 The response sometimes is expressed within the same content through an infinitive phrase: (1) [+speaker] (genitive) Jer 17:27; 33:4; 41:17; (2) [–speaker, +response] (gen- itive) Deut 13:19; 28:45 [A]; 2 Chr 34:21; 1 Macc 2:2; Jer 42:8 (pro;~ to; +); 50:4; Bar 1:18; 2:10; 2:22; 2:24; Dan 9:10 [Sy]; (3) [–speaker, +response] (accusative) Deut 11:13(M) [A,R]; 11:22(M); Jer 42:18. Once (1 Sam 4:19) the response immediately follows the o{ti clause. These occurrences may indicate the presence of a third con- struction, translated by «respond [concerning what is heard] to [the speaker] by [infini- tive phrase] / that [o{ti clause],» that is characterized by three required arguments, agent (Agt) or doer of an action, experiencer (Exp) of the response, and content (Con) [what is responded]: ajkouvw 1 2 3 Agt Exp Con N N V-i1, V+o{ti