Paul Danove, «A Comparison Of The Usage Of Akouw And Akouw- Compounds In The Septuagint And New Testament», Vol. 14 (2001) 65-86
This study characterizes all occurrences of
a0kou/w and seven related verbs (a0ntakou/w,
diakou/w, ei0sakou/w,
e0nakou/w, e0pakou/w,
parakou/w, and u9pakou/w)
in the Septuagint and New Testament according to their semantic and
syntactic properties, develops a single set of rules to describe the
distribution of noun phrase objects of these verbs, and then compares the
patterns of usage of these verbs in the Septuagint and New Testament. A
preliminary discussion identifies the semantic and syntactic properties
necessary to describe all biblical occurrences of
a0kou/w and proposes a set of descriptive rules that govern the
syntactic case of its noun phrase objects. Further investigation then
indicates that this same set of rules with only one minor modification
also is adequate to describe the syntactic case of noun phrase objects of
the noted a0kou/w-compounds. The discussion
concludes by comparing the distribution of noun phrase objects in
particular syntactic cases within the Septuagint and New Testament.
Paul Danove
70
o{lw~ ajkouvetai ejn uJmi`n porneiva
Immorality among you is widely heard about (1 Cor 5:1a).
The subject o{ti clause has five occurrences:11
kai; eijselqw;n pavlin eij~ Kafarnaou;m diæ hJmerw'n h[kouvsqh o{ti ejn
oikw/ ejstivn
[
And entering again into Capernaum after [a few] days, it was heard
that he is at home (Mark 2:1).
1.3. Direct Perception (Content Construction) [1209 occurrences]
1.3.1. Noun Phrase Objects [815 occurrences]
Noun phrase objects of the content construction appear in the geni-
tive, accusative, and dative cases. All but one of the 188 objects denoting
speakers appear in the genitive case:12
Agrippa~ de; pro;~ to;n Fh'ston, jEboulovmhn kai; aujto;~ tou' ajn-
j v
qrwpou ajkou'sai. Au[rion, fhsivn, ajkouvsh/ aujtou`
v
Agrippa [said] to Festus, «I also wanted to hear the man.» He said,
«Tomorrow you will hear him» (Acts 25:22).
The one example of a [+speaker] noun phrase object in the accusative
(Rev 5:13) is deemed an anomaly by most commentators and is treated as
such in this analysis 13.
11
Subject o{ti clauses (passive, indirect): 2 Esdr 16:1, 6; 1 Macc 14:16; Mark 2:1;
John 9:32.
12
Object noun phrase [+ speaker] (genitive, direct): Gen 23:5, 8, 11, 13, 16; 27:5,
6, 8; 28:7; 37:17; 41:15; 49:2; Exod 18:19; 19:9; Num 11:10; 20:10; Deut 1:17; 10:10;
13:12; 18:14, 15; Josh 1:17a, 17b; Judg 9:7; 19:25; 1 Sam 8:19; 13:4; 2 Sam 18:5;
22:45; 1Kgs 12:15, 16; 15:20; 16:16; 2 Kgs 16:9; 17:14 [A]; 1 Chr 28:2; 2 Chr 10:15,
16; 15:2; 16:4; 20:20; 28:11; 1 Es 5:63, 66; Jdt 8:11, 32; 14:1; Tob 6:12a, 12b [S], 13,
16; 1 Macc 2:19, 65; 5:61; 8:16; 4 Macc 10:18; Ps 33:12; 80:8, 14; Prov 1:33; 5:7; 7:24;
8:32; 23:22; Eccl 7:21; Cant 2:8 [S]; Job 15:17; 29:21; 30:20; 31:35; 32:10, 11; 33:31
[A], 33; 34:2, 10; 42:4, 5; Sir 3:1; 16:24; 19:9; 31:22; 33:19; Zech 3:8; Isa 36:16; 46:3;
48:12; 49:1; 51:1, 4a, 4b, 7, 21; 55:2 [A, S, R]; Jer 7:13, 24, 26; 13:11 [A, S]; 17:23,
24 [A], 27 [R]; 25:7; 33:4, 5, 7; 34:9; 41:14, 17; 42:16; 44:14 [A, S]; 45:15; 51:5, 16;
Bar 2:30; Ezek 2:2, 8; Dan 6:23 [Sy]; 8:13; 9:6 [Sy]; 10:9 ; 12:7; Matt 2:9; 17:5; 18:15;
Mark 6:11, 20a, 20b; 7:14; 9:7; 12:28, 37; 14:58; Luke 2:46, 47; 6:18; 9:35; 10:16a,
16b; 15:1; 16:29, 31; 18:36; 19:48; 21:38; John 1:37; 3:29; 7:32; 9:31a, 31b; 10:8, 20;
11:41, 42; Acts 2:6, 11; 3:22, 23; 4:19; 6:11, 14; 8:30; 10:46; 14:9; 15:12, 13; 17:32;
18:26; 22:22; 24:4, 24; 25:22a, 22b; 26:3, 29; Rom 10:14; 1 Tim 4:16; 1 John 4:5, 6a,
6b; 5:14, 15; 6:1, 3, 5; 8:13; 16:5, 7.
13
In Rev 5:13 ([kai; pa'n ktivsma... h[kousa levgonta"] «and every creature...I heard
them saying»), the noun, ktivsma, which originally need not refer to speakers and may