Paul Danove, «A Comparison Of The Usage Of Akouw And Akouw- Compounds In The Septuagint And New Testament», Vol. 14 (2001) 65-86
This study characterizes all occurrences of
a0kou/w and seven related verbs (a0ntakou/w,
diakou/w, ei0sakou/w,
e0nakou/w, e0pakou/w,
parakou/w, and u9pakou/w)
in the Septuagint and New Testament according to their semantic and
syntactic properties, develops a single set of rules to describe the
distribution of noun phrase objects of these verbs, and then compares the
patterns of usage of these verbs in the Septuagint and New Testament. A
preliminary discussion identifies the semantic and syntactic properties
necessary to describe all biblical occurrences of
a0kou/w and proposes a set of descriptive rules that govern the
syntactic case of its noun phrase objects. Further investigation then
indicates that this same set of rules with only one minor modification
also is adequate to describe the syntactic case of noun phrase objects of
the noted a0kou/w-compounds. The discussion
concludes by comparing the distribution of noun phrase objects in
particular syntactic cases within the Septuagint and New Testament.
Paul Danove
80
content (that is, its usage is characterized by the content construction). In
Job 11:2 it is used intransitively; and the context indicates that its trans-
lation is «hear in return/response.»
3. diakouw
v
The verb, diakouvw, requires two arguments, an experiencer and a con-
tent of direct perception (content construction), always characterized by [+
speaker]. The content may be expressed by either a noun phrase [one
occurrence] or a prepositional phrase, ajna; mevson «between» [two occur-
rences] 32. The example of a noun phrase object follows the rule #2 estab-
lished for ajkouvw. The verb may be translated, «hear the side(s)/argument(s)
of» [– response] or «listen to the side(s)/argument(s) of» [+ response].
4. eisakouw
j v
Eisakouw, requires two arguments, an experiencer and a content of
j v
direct perception (content construction). It may be translated, «listen to»
or «heed.» The content, when present, is expressed only through a noun
phrase [239 occurrences] or a prepositional phrase [one occurrence: eij~
ta; ejpercovmena (Isa 42:23)]. Noun phrase objects follow the rules #2,
3, and 4 established for ajkouvw except for one occurrence of a dative
object characterized by [+ speaker] in 1 Chr 21:28:
in the genitive case [116 occurrences]33
1. [+ speaker, ± response]:
in the genitive [99 occurrences]34
2. [– speaker, + response]:
or in the accusative case [20 occurrences]35
in the accusative case [4 occurrences]36
3. [– speaker, – response]:
32
Object noun phrase (gen) [+speaker]: Acts 23:35 [– response]; Object preposi-
tional phrase complement (ajna; mevson, «between»): Deut 1:16 [+ response]; Job 9:33
[A] [– response].
33
Object noun phrase [+speaker] (genitive): Gen 34:17; 34:24; 42:21; 42:22; Exod
6:9; 6:12a; 6:12b; 6:30; 7:4; 7:13; 7:22; 8:11; 8:15; 9:12; 11:9; 16:20; 22:26; 23:21;
Num 16:8; 27:20; Deut 1:43; 3:26; 9:19; 10:10 [A, R]; 13:9; 21:18; 23:6; 34:9; Judg
3:9 [A]; 19:25 [A]; Esth 1:12; Ps 3:4 [A]; 4:2a; 4:4; 12:4; 16:6a [A]; 17:42; 21:25; 26:7;
33:7; 33:18; 54:3; 54:17; 65:19; 68:17; 68:34; 85:1; 85:7; 90:15; 98:6 [A]; 101:3;
119:1; 140:1; 142:1b; 142:7; 151:3 [A]; Prov 1:28; 8:6; 8:33; Job 5:1 [A]; 9:14 [A];
9:15; 9:16b; 22:27; 27:10; 30:20 [A,S]; 33:26 [S]; 36:10; Sir 3:6; 4:15 [S]; 39:13; Hos
9:17; Mic 3:4; 3:7b; 7:7 [A]; Jon 2:3; Zech 1:4 [A]; 7:13a; Isa 1:15; 1:19; 1:20; 19:22;
55:3; 58:9; Jer 7:13; 7:24 [S]; 7:26 [A, R]; 11:11; 13:11 [A,S]; 17:23 [A]; 17:24; 17:27;
18:19a; 25:7 [A]; 33:5b; 36:12; 44:14; Bar 2:30 [A]; Ezek 3:6; 3:7a [A, R]; 3:7b [A, R];
8:18 [A]; 20:8; Dan 1:14; 9:6; 9:10; 1 Cor 14:21.
34
Object noun phrase [+response, –speaker] (genitive, direct): Gen 21:17; Exod
3:18; 4:1; 4:8; 4:9; 5:2; 22:22; Num 14:22; 20:16; 21:3; Deut 1:45; 4:30; 9:23; 13:19
[A]; 15:5; 27:10; 28:1 [A]; 28:2 [A]; 28:9 [A]; 28:15; 28:45; 28:62; 30:2; 30:8; 30:10;
30:20; 33:7; Josh 22:2; Judg 2:2; 2:17; 2:20; 5:16; 6:10b; 11:28; 13:9; 20:13; 1 Sam
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