42 BrADLey C. GreGOry appears to have been based on a Greek manuscript with many (but not all) of these expansions. in fact, compared to the shorter Greek text, Legrand calculated that the Latin is approximately 11-12% longer 4. in cases where expansions in the Latin are not found in any extant Greek manuscripts, including cases of doublets, many scholars think that many or most of these were probably in the Latin’s Greek Vorlage rather than originating in the Latin 5. i. Vice and Virtue in the Latin expansions to Sirach Several studies have demonstrated that the expansions found in the Greek and Latin manuscripts have broad consistency of perspec- tive. Conleth kearns noted that the teaching of the expansions on the subjects of God, israel, the soul, ethics, and eschatology was coherent throughout the book 6. recently, a comprehensive study of the Greek additions by Severino Bussino has shown that the themes of anthro- pology, the closeness of God, wisdom, friendship, women, the law, and eschatology are prominent in these additions 7. While the addition- al expansions in the Latin show continuity with the themes of Grii it also has its own distinctive elements. Jason Gile argues that in com- parison to the Greek witnesses the Latin version is far more interested in postmortem punishment and reward, and this suggests that not all Latin additions reflect a Greek Vorlage 8. in his analysis of the Latin version, Thierry Legrand takes a holistic approach to the additional 4 T. LeGrAnD, “La version latine de Ben Sira. État de la question, essai de classement thématique des «additions»”, The Texts and Versions of the Book of Ben Sira, 215-234, here 218. 5 See A. FOrTe, “The Old Latin Version of Sirach: editio Critica and Textual Problems”, The Texts and Versions of the Book of Ben Sira, 199-214, here 203; m. GiLBerT, “The Vetus Latina of ecclesiasticus”, The Texts and Versions of the Book of Ben Sira, 1-9; W. THieLe, “Die lateinische Sirachtexte als Zeugnis der griechischen Sirachüberlieferung”, Evangelium. Schriftauslegung. Kirche. Festschrift für Peter Stuhlmacher zum 65. Geburtstag (eds. J. ÅDnA et al.) (Göttingen 1997) 394-402. 6 keArnS, Expanded Text, 61-93. Also important is the study of manuscript 248, one of the most important witnesses to Grii additions, by J.H.A. HArT, Ecclesiasticus: The Greek Text of Codex 248. edited with a Textual Commentary and Prolegomena (Cambridge 1909). 7 S. BuSSinO, The Greek Additions in the Book of Ben Sira (tr. m. TAiT) (AnBib 203; rome 2013) 416-419. 8 GiLe, “Additions”, 250-253. notably, rey has argued that in the shorter Greek version a concern with the afterlife is even more subdued than often supposed. See J.-S. rey, “L’espérance post-mortem dans les différentes versions du Siracide”, The Texts and Versions of the Book of Ben Sira, 257-279.