Olegs Andrejevs, «Reexamining Q2: Son of God Christology in Q’s Redactional Layer.», Vol. 97 (2016) 62-78
This essay analyzes three important Christological texts in the reconstructed synoptic sayings source Q: 4,1-13 (the temptation legend), 6,20b-49 (the Q sermon) and 10,21-22 (the thanksgiving of Jesus). According to the current consensus in Q studies, these texts belong to three different compositional strata and reflect different theological concerns. I coordinate them in the document’s redactional layer (Q2), demonstrating their compatibility on literary-critical and traditionhistorical grounds. My hypothesis is that these texts provide the necessary Christological framework for Q2’s depiction of Jesus as the messianic Son of Man and Lord by stressing his identity as God’s unique Son.
reexAMINING Q2: SoN oF God CHrISToLoGy 67
(Q 10,21) At that time he said: I thank you, Father, Lord of heaven
and earth, for you hid these things from sages and the learned, and
disclosed them to children. yes, Father, for that is what it has pleased
you to do.
(Q 10,22) everything has been entrusted to me by my Father, and no
one knows the Son except the Father, nor does anyone know the Father
except the Son, and to whomever the Son chooses to reveal him 14.
The reader will notice that in this text Q’s author does not identify
Jesus as Sophia. In fact, that identification is not found anywhere
in Q. Instead, in 10,21-22 the emphasis is repeatedly placed on Jesus’
divine sonship. However, Sophia is mentioned by Jesus on two other
occasions in Q, in 7,35 and 11,49-51, rendering robinson’s interpre-
tation of 10,21-22 as containing Sophia Christology plausible. That in-
terpretation was seconded by Kloppenborg who similarly to robinson
drew a sharp distinction between Q’s sapiential and apocalyptic mate-
rial, and therefore he may have perceived an opposition between the
Christological images of Q1 and Q2:
While it refrains from explicitly identifying the Son with Sophia, 10,22
draws upon the mythologoumena associated with Sophia which rep-
resent her as God’s intimate and as the sole mediatrix of knowledge
of the divine.
[In Q2] further indications of the functional unity of Jesus with Sophia
are introduced. Q 7,35 represents Jesus and John as Sophia’s children;
11,49-51a places an oracle of Sophia in Jesus’ mouth and then
(11,51b) has Jesus resume the oracle in his own words; 13,34-35 ap-
pears to be another Sophia saying; and most dramatically, 10,22 draws
upon the mythologoumena of Sophia for its description of the rela-
tionship of the Father to the Son 15.
Here we notice that Kloppenborg situates 10,21-22 in Q2. one
observes, however, that elsewhere in the same compositional layer
John and Jesus the Son of Man are both depicted as Sophia’s children
(7,31-35) 16. Kloppenborg’s Q2 therefore must answer the following
question: could the depiction of Jesus have evolved from Sophia’s
envoy (7,31-35) to that of Sophia the sender (10,21-22) in the same
compositional layer 17? That seems rather unlikely. A possible way of
14
roBINSoN – HoFFMANN – KLoppeNBorG, Critical Edition of Q, 190-193.
15
KLoppeNBorG, Formation, 199, 319-320 (my addition in square brackets).
16
See roBINSoN, “Jesus as Sophos and Sophia”, 122-123.
17
See esp. KLoppeNBorG, Formation, 110-112.