Olegs Andrejevs, «Reexamining Q2: Son of God Christology in Q’s Redactional Layer.», Vol. 97 (2016) 62-78
This essay analyzes three important Christological texts in the reconstructed synoptic sayings source Q: 4,1-13 (the temptation legend), 6,20b-49 (the Q sermon) and 10,21-22 (the thanksgiving of Jesus). According to the current consensus in Q studies, these texts belong to three different compositional strata and reflect different theological concerns. I coordinate them in the document’s redactional layer (Q2), demonstrating their compatibility on literary-critical and traditionhistorical grounds. My hypothesis is that these texts provide the necessary Christological framework for Q2’s depiction of Jesus as the messianic Son of Man and Lord by stressing his identity as God’s unique Son.
reexAMINING Q2: SoN oF God CHrISToLoGy 75
“master/teacher” or “master of a slave” in each individual instance.
Aside from the fact that these assumptions needlessly complicate the
use of the title ku,rioj in Q, they also meet with the following problem:
a closer inspection of the instances in which yHWH is designated as
ku,rioj reveals that Jesus is depicted as a subordinate figure in virtually
every one of them (4,1-13; 10,2-22; 13,34-35), with the exception
of the aphoristic 16,13. Moreover, in two of those instances Jesus is
presented as yHWH’s ui`o,j (4,1-13; 10,21-22), and in the third one as
o` evrco,menoj evn ovno,mati kuri,ou (13,35) whereby the precise nature of
his subordination to yHWH is specified. This does not look like the
work of a sloppy author who painted in broad strokes and utilized the
title ku,rioj liberally, leaving it up to the reader to sort out the various
nuances. rather, the author’s use of ku,rioj to designate both yHWH
and Jesus suggests a carefully calibrated depiction of a transfer of
authority. At a minimum, it is impossible to read 10,21-22 other than as
delegating the full authority of o` ku,rioj yHWH to o` ui`oj, Jesus, which, of
course, makes Jesus ku,rioj in a quite similar sense of the term.
The sermon’s structure reflects this Christological bracketing (6,22-
23; 6,46). one observes a similar dynamic at work here as, on a somewhat
smaller scale, in 10,21-22 and 4,1-13. The sermon’s second section
(6,35cd; 6,29-36) is framed with two references to the Imitatio Dei
principle (6,35c-d; 6,36) 40. Inside that inclusio are two originally inde-
pendent and likely composite units, 6,29-30/Matt 5,41 and 6,31-34 41.
However, this section accounts only for a third of the sermon’s
considerable length. It is preceded by 6,20b-28 which as we have seen
exhibits a Christological focus and explains the group’s persecution as
a consequence of following Jesus the Son of Man. And it is followed
by 6,37-49, which in its entirety is concerned with the correct observing
of the commands of ku,rioj Jesus (6,46). The transition from 6,36
40
Luke’s author combines Q 6,35c-d and 6,36, but Luke 6,32-34 suggests
that (a) Luke 6,35a-b is Luker, (b) that Luke 6,35c-d was relocated by Luke from
its original Q position. This is indicated by the fact that Luke 6,35a-b summarizes
the preceding Q/Luke 6,32, Luker 6,33, Luker 6,34 in that order. Because
Q/Luke 6,35c-d, which is a clause, is now attached in the Lukan sermon to a Luker
command this obviously could not have been its Q location. It would thus seem
that the original location of the command is following Q 6,27, based on the
evidence of Matt 5,43-45.
41
Matt 5,41, though not preserved by Luke, probably belongs in Q. LUz,
Matthew 1–7, 271; roBINSoN – HoFFMANN – KLoppeNBorG, Critical Edition of
Q, 62-63. For the composite nature of 6,29-36, see KLoppeNBorG, Formation,
173-181 (with reference to other authors).