Terrance Callan, «Partenoi in Corinth: 1 Cor 7,25-40», Vol. 97 (2016) 264-286
Interpreters differ significantly regarding the identity of the 'partenoi' discussed in 1 Cor 7,25-40. There is some uncertainty about whether they are men and women, or only women. And those who understand them as only women differ as to whether they are betrothed women, unmarried daughters, spouses in spiritual marriages, or young widows who are possible candidates for levirate marriage. I argue that the 'partenoi' are only women, and that they are unmarried daughters of Corinthian Christians. The argument is based mainly on usage of 'partenos' in literature written before, and at approximately the same time as, 1 Corinthians. In addition i offer an interpretation of 1 Cor 7,25-40, especially of vv. 36-38, that supports understanding the word as designating young, unmarried daughters.
Parq/e,noi iN CoriNtH: 1 Cor 7,25-40 283
in vv. 1-24 Paul agrees that it is good for a man not to touch a
woman (v. 1), but he argues that one should not make a change in one’s
marital status except in a couple of specific circumstances; everyone
should stay as they were when they became followers of Jesus. in vv.
25-40 Paul applies the same idea to young, unmarried women and ar-
gues that they should also stay as they are, i.e., unmarried. He gives
reasons why this is beneficial in vv. 26, 28b-31 and 32-34. But he also
makes it clear that if they marry, they do not sin (vv. 28a, 36). Marrying
is good, but refraining from marriage is better (vv. 38, 40).
this discussion is isolated in the New testament because family
matters do not otherwise arise with such specificity 65. Fathers’ treat-
ment of their children (te,kna) is briefly mentioned in Col 3,21; eph
6,4; 1 tim 3,4.12, but these passages urge them not to provoke their
children and to keep them submissive. the topic of arranging mar-
riages for them does not arise. the discussion in 1 Cor 7,25-40 displays
implications of Paul’s eschatologically-based preference for celibacy
that do not otherwise appear. accepting Paul’s argument means that
families, particularly fathers, must refrain from arranging marriages
for their daughters. More significantly it means they must cancel
arrangements they have already made, arrangements that may have
been in place since the daughter was born. Such a cancellation might
severely disappoint not only the family of the girl, but also the other
family with which they were to be allied through the marriage. and
even though the decision may have been in the hands of her father, in
at least some cases the preferences of the parqe,noj herself would also
have been a factor. it is no wonder that Paul makes it clear that even
if it is not optimal, it is no sin for the parqe,noj to marry.
the athenaeum of ohio terrance CallaN
Cincinnati, ohio
would then make betrothal a lifelong condition. KüMMel proposes that Paul un-
derstands betrothal in Jewish terms as equal to marriage and thus indissoluble.
this does not seem very likely to me.
65
For a survey of family matters that do arise, see C. oSieK, rSCJ, “the Family
in early Christianity: ‘Family Values’ revisited”, CBQ 58 (1996) 1-24; C. oSieK
– d.l. BalCH, Families in the NT World. Households and House Churches
(louisville, KY 1997).