284 terraNCe CallaN Summary interpreters differ significantly regarding the identity of the parqe,noi discussed in 1 Cor 7,25-40. there is some uncertainty about whether they are men and women, or only women. and those who understand them as only women differ as to whether they are betrothed women, unmarried daughters, spouses in spiritual mar- riages, or young widows who are possible candidates for levirate marriage. i argue that the parqe,noi are only women, and that they are unmarried daughters of Corinthian Christians. the argument is based mainly on usage of parqe,noj in literature written before, and at approximately the same time as, 1 Corinthians. in addition i offer an interpretation of 1 Cor 7,25-40, especially of vv. 36-38, that supports understanding the word as designating young, unmarried daughters. appendix a: additional passages mentioning Vestal Virgins Plutarch: Romulus 22.1; Numa 9.5, 8; 10.1, 2, 3, 4, 7; 13.2; Publicola 8.8; Camillus 20.3, 5, 8; 21.2; 31.4; Fabius Maximus 18.3; Cato Maior 20.7; Crassus 1.4; Tiberius et Gaius Gracchus 15.6; Cicero 19.5; 20.2; Antonius 21.4; 58.5; De capienda ex inimicis utilitate 89e; Aetia Romana et Graeca 284B, 286e; An seni respublica gerenda sit 795d dionysius of Halicarnassus: 1.69.4; 1.76.3; 1.77.4; 2.64.5 (twice); 2.65.3 (three times); 2.65.4; 2.66.1; 2.66.2 (twice); 2.66.3; 2.66.4 (twice); 2.66.6; 2.67.1; 2.67.2; 2.68.1; 2.68.3 (twice); 2.69.1 (twice); 3.67.2; 3.67.3; 8.89.4 (twice); 9.40.3 (twice) Strabo: 5.3.2 Cassius dio: 37.35.4; 37.45.1; 42.32.1; 47.19.4; 48.12.2; 48.19.4; 48.37.1; 48.46.2; 51.19.2; 54.24.2; 54.27.3; 56.5.7; 56.10.2; 56.32.1a; 59.3.4 (twice); 60.5.2; 65.18.3; 67.3.3; 67.3.4; 77.16.1. Cassius dio always calls the Vestal Virgins aveiparqe,noi (ever-virgins). Philo uses this epithet in other ways in Leg. 1.15; Post. 134; Her. 170; Congr. 7; Fug. 50; Mut. 194, 196; Mos. 2.210; Contempl. 65. appendix B: additional passages using parqe,noj for daughters diodorus Siculus: 4.51.6-52.1; 4.73.2; 5.56.5; 9.13.1; 9.37.1; 12.24.4; 20.21.2; 20.84.3; 34/35.2.39 dionysius of Halicarnassus: 1.52.2; 2.38.2; 2.38.4; 4.36.1; 5.33.2; 5.35.2; 11.28.2; 11.32.3 Philo: Migr. 205-206; Mos. 1.53-58; 2.234-236, 243; Spec. 1.129; 2.24, 30; 3.80-81; 4.178 Strabo: 11.14.16 Josephus: B.J. 2.6.3 § 99; A.J. 1.11.4 § 202-205; 2.6.1 § 91; 2.11.2 § 258; 5.7.10 § 264; 6.10.2 § 196; 7.8.1 § 162; 17.2.4 § 34; 17.11.5 § 322; 19.9.1 § 354 Plutarch: Solon 23.2; Publicola 18.3; Timoleon 13.10; Lucullus 20.1; Agesilaus 11.2; Alexander 21.1; Cicero 10.3; Mulierum virtutes 253C; Aetia Romana et Graeca 289B, 301C; Parallela minora 315e (twice)