Terrance Callan, «Partenoi in Corinth: 1 Cor 7,25-40» biblica, Vol. 97 (2016) 264-286 page 285

Vol 97 (2016)

Terrance Callan, «Partenoi in Corinth: 1 Cor 7,25-40», Vol. 97 (2016) 264-286

Interpreters differ significantly regarding the identity of the 'partenoi' discussed in 1 Cor 7,25-40. There is some uncertainty about whether they are men and women, or only women. And those who understand them as only women differ as to whether they are betrothed women, unmarried daughters, spouses in spiritual marriages, or young widows who are possible candidates for levirate marriage. I argue that the 'partenoi' are only women, and that they are unmarried daughters of Corinthian Christians. The argument is based mainly on usage of 'partenos' in literature written before, and at approximately the same time as, 1 Corinthians. In addition i offer an interpretation of 1 Cor 7,25-40, especially of vv. 36-38, that supports understanding the word as designating young, unmarried daughters.

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Parq/e,noi iN CoriNtH: 1 Cor 7,25-40 285 dio Chrysostom: 7.150 Pausanias: 1.43.4; 3.16.3; 4.9.5; 4.19.5; 7.19.2; 7.22.8; 9.16.7; 9.27.6-7; 10.30.1; 10.30.5 Cassius dio: 48.5.3 Clement of alexandria: Protrepticus 2.33.4; Stromata 3.4.26 appendix C: additional passages in which parqe,noj is a synonym for ko,rh or is otherwise closely related to it euripides: The Trojan Women 552-554; Ion 466-468; Helen 168; The Phoenician Maidens 1730; Orestes 1195-1197; Iphigenia in Aulis 737-738 diodorus Siculus: 8.8.2; 9.37.1; 19.25.5 Philo: Mos. 1.52-53; Spec. 2.125; 3.80-81 Plutarch: Alexander 9.6 Pausanias: 3.16.1; 3.17.8; 4.19.5; 8.5.12 Cassius dio: 58.11.5; 62.15.4; 77.16.3 appendix d: additional passages in which parqe,noj is the counterpart of neani,skoj and its synonyms neani,skoj and parqe,noj are paired in lXX 2 Chr 36,17; 1 esdr 1,53; Ps 77,63 [=78,63]; 148,12; isa 23,4; 62,5; Jer 28,22 [=51,22]; 38,13 [=31,13]; lam 1,18; 2,21; ezek 9,6; amos 8,13; zech 9,17; Jdt 16,4; and 1 Macc 1,26. hvi,qeoj (youth) is paired with parqe,noj or a cognate in Homer, Il. 18.567, 593; 22.127-128; Herodotus, 3.48; dionysius of Halicarnassus, 7.72.9 (twice). a;rshn (male) is paired with parqe,noj in euripides, Helen 9-10; dionysius of Halicarnassus, 7.9.4; Pausanias, 9.16.7. pai/j (boy) is paired with parqe,noj in euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 1164; Herodotus 3.97; 6.9; 6.32; 7.114; Polybius, 4.21.4; 12.5.11; diodorus Siculus, 13.58.2; 13.82.6; 13.89.3; 13.111.6; 17.13.3; 17.38.1; 20.71.5; 26.12.4; 34/35.17.1; dionysius of Halicarnassus, 4.69.2; 11.40.4; 11.41.4; Philo, Mos. 1.311; Josephus, A.J. 1.19.4 § 285; Plutarch, Comparatio The- sei et Romuli 1.5; Agesilaus 21.3; Quaestiones conviviales 651B; dio Chrysostom, 7.75; 33.43; 75.8; Pausanias, 1.27.10; 2.7.8; 5.10.8; 7.19.4; 7.19.5; 7.19.8; Cassius dio, 59.7.1. in addition to being used as the coun- terpart of parqe,noj, pai/j is sometimes synonymous with parqe,noj and its cognates; see euripides, The Suppliants 452; Herodotus, 6.130; Pausanias, 6.4.10; 8.22.2. te,kna (children) is paired with parqe,noi in Herodotus, 5.6. ui`oi, (sons) is paired with parqe,noi in diodorus Siculus, 20.84.3. ne,oj (youth) is paired with parqe,noj in Philo, Mos. 1.51; Strabo, 5.4.12. meiraki,oi (lads) is paired with parqe,noi in dio Chrysostom, 20.17; Pausanias, 6.24.7. new,teroi (younger men) is paired with parqe,noi in Polycarp, To the Philippians 5.3.