Terrance Callan, «Reading the Earliest Copies of 2 Peter», Vol. 93 (2012) 427-450
An examination of the three earliest extant copies of 2 Peter (namely those found in Papyrus 72, Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus) is made in order to determine how the meaning of 2 Peter is affected by differences among the three copies, especially the textual variations among them. These textual variations produce significantly different understandings of Jesus in the three copies of 2 Peter, as well as other less prominent differences in meaning.
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READING THE EARLIEST COPIES OF 2 PETER
In 2,10 P72 speaks of epeiqumeiaj sarkoj (desire for flesh [pre-
suming that the final j of epeiqumeiaj is a spelling error]) while
the likely original text has epiqumia miasmou (desire for defile-
ment). Since this verse also speaks of going after the flesh, the dif-
ferent expressions in P72 and the probable original text have the
same general meaning. However, the text of P72 puts more emphasis
on desire specifically for the flesh. Desire for the flesh is also more
satisfactory than desire for defilement as a description of the mental
state of the unjust.
Finally, P72 omits mestouj (full) from 2,14. Without this adjective
the verse speaks of “having the eyes of an adulteress†rather than
“having eyes full of an adulteress†as does the likely original text.
The former presents the false teachers as using their eyes in the same
way as an adulteress, i.e., to seek out adultery; the latter presents them
as using their eyes only to gaze on an adulteress, intending to engage
in adultery with her. These two expressions are very close in mean-
ing, but the former emphasizes slightly more than the latter that desire
is the thing from which one needs salvation.
c) Testamentary Letter of Peter
Two other peculiarities of 2 Peter in P72 improve its presentation
as a testamentary letter from Peter. In 1,15 P72 has spoudazw (I am
eager) rather than spoudasw (I will be eager) as in the likely orig-
inal text 17. P72 describes Peter’s present state of mind as he writes
the letter, where the likely original text speaks of Peter’s future state
of mind. The text of P72 better suits 2 Peter’s presentation of Peter
as composing 2 Peter as a testamentary letter.
Somewhat similarly, in 3,16 the text of P72 has streblwsousin
(they will twist) while the probable original text has streblousin
(they twist). In this way P72 presents misinterpretation of the letters of
Paul as something that will happen in the future, instead of speaking
of it as something happening now as the likely original text does. This
brings the passage into greater conformity with 2 Peter’s general pre-
sentation of the false teachers as arriving in the future.
17
Sinaiticus has the same thing as P72 at this point. The reading has the
same significance in both, but in Sinaiticus this does not seem to be part of a
general theme of its version of 2 Peter even to the rather limited extent that
it does in P72.