C. John Collins, «Noah, Deucalion, and the New Testament», Vol. 93 (2012) 403-426
Jewish authors in the second Temple period, as well as early Christian authors after the New Testament, made apologetically-motivated connections between the biblical story of Noah and Gentile stories of the flood, including Greek stories involving deucalion — most notably Plato’s version. Analysis of the New Testament letters attributed to Peter indicates that these also allude to the Gentile flood stories, likely in order to enhance their readers’ sense of the reality of the biblical events.
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NOAH, DEUCALION, AND THE NEW TESTAMENT
continued all that time ordered just as they are now [
]†(Laws, 677c).
The reminiscence is more at the level of the thought than the specific
words, though the cognate verbs and and the adverb
do establish some points of contact. Again, 2 Peter 1,4 calls his
readers people who “have escaped from the corruption [
] that is in the world because of sinful desireâ€.
Perhaps this echoes the phrase from Plato, which describes the sur-
vivors of the flood as “those who escaped destruction/corruptionâ€
( , 677b) 41; if so, 2 Peter is
drawing a typological connection between the escape from the flood
and the greater escape from sin’s defilement and inevitable punish-
ment. These would not even enter into our consideration as allusions,
except for the suggestive echoes elsewhere in the letter.
This connection to the Platonic account appears as well in 1 Peter
3,20 (perhaps by way of Wisdom 14). There we read that Noah’s “ark
was being prepared†( ), with wording
like that in Hebrews 11,7; and Wisdom 14,2 had used the verb
for ship-building in a context that eventually goes on
to speak of Noah’s ark. But 1 Peter also mentions that eight people
“were brought safely through†( ) the water, using a verb
that appears in Plato (Timaeus, 22d; Laws, 677b) and in texts influ-
enced by his account (which may be true of Wis 14,5) 42.
Even if the verbal echoes seem to point toward an allusion to non-
biblical sources, and especially to Plato, we must certainly face the prob-
lem of whether such an allusion is plausible. The following lines of
argument make it reasonable to allow for an allusion in the Petrine let-
ters to a version of the flood story that owes its ultimate origin to Plato’s
telling of the story. First, as several researchers have shown, Jews in the
Hellenistic world were acquainted with Plato; not only was Philo fa-
miliar with him, as was the author of Wisdom of Solomon (a work more
popular than Philo’s, and more representative of mainstream Judaism),
Observe the effective synonymy of the cognate verbs and
41
, a phenomenon that we also noted above in Theophilus.
A commentator such as SPICQ, Les Épîtres de Saint Pierre, 141, simply
42
notes that the verb is suited to being brought safely through in a nautical situation
(Acts 27,43-44; 28,1.4; Wis 14,5); that is of course true, but when taken with
other factors the connection with Plato’s flood account becomes worthy of inves-
tigation.