The Hebrew Word hmmd and the Root d-m-m I 381 Given the evidence presented above, it may be assumed that the root d-m-m I (“to be silent”) can occur even in the context of sound and speech. Therefore, the word μd in Ezek 24,17 need not be construed as derived from d-m-m II (“to mourn, moan”). In fact, deriving it from d- m-m II would produce further confusion to the Hebrew text, since that would mean that the prophet is encouraging his audience not to mourn, but rather to moan by using a verb that also means “to mourn”. The fact that words for silence can modify words associated with speech and sound also suggests that hmmd, even where it occurs in the context of sounds (1Kgs 19,12 and Job 4,16), can nevertheless be understood to denote “the absence of noise or agitated motion” and be derived from d-m-m I (“to be silent”). It should also be pointed out, in passing, that although the Septuagint does translate hmmd with words that denote a whisper or breeze, the Targums translate with words that denote silence or the absence of sound and motion. In addition to the translation of hmmd by yçjb cited above from the Targum to 1 Kgs 19,12, the Hebrew word is translated by yyçj in Job 4,16 and by atwqytç in Ps 107,29 (20). 3. The Word hmmd among the Dead Sea Scrolls The word hmmd is found much more frequently in the Dead Sea Scrolls. According to The Dead Sea Scroll Concordance the word occurs in 13 different passages (21); this does not include two attestations in the 1QIsaiah scroll which are cited in DCH. Among these, only two (4Q418 34, 3 [4QInstruction]; 1QHa VIII, 5) (22) are (20) The Targumic passages: atwqytçl alw[l[ μyqy (Ps 107,29) and [mça ˆnwp lqw yyçj (Job 4,16). Note, however, the Targums to Psalms and Job are in a dialect of Aramaic (Late Jewish Literary Aramaic) that is chronologically later than that of 1 Kgs. On the Targum to Psalms, see E.M. COOK, “The Psalms Targum: Introduction to a New Translation, with Sample Texts”, Targum and Scripture. Studies in Aramaic Translations and Interpretation in Memory of Ernest G. Clarke (ed. P.V.M. FLESHER) (Studies in the Aramaic Interpretation of Scripture 2; Leiden 2002) 185-201. In Syriac, on the other hand, the translations are somewhat more free. The Latin, like the Greek, supposes an understanding of hmmd as a breeze or gentle wind. (21) M.G. ABEGG et al. (eds.), The Dead Sea Scroll Concordance (Leiden 2003) s.v. There are actually 14 entries in the concordance, two of these (from 4Q401 16, 2 and 4Q402 9, 3) represent versions of the same text. (22) Note that the passage ]°mmdl hçq πrw[ jwrw μl°[, listed as 1QHa VIII, 5 in the Dead Sea Scroll Concordance, is found in Abegg’s edition of the Hodayot,