Ulrich Berges, «'Ich gebe Jerusalem einen Freudenboten'
Synchrone und diachrone Beobachtungen zu Jes 41,27», Vol. 87 (2006) 319-337
The references to Zion and Jerusalem (41,27; 44,26.28; 45,13; 46,13) in the
section Isa 40–48 dedicated to Jacob and Israel and which follows the Prologue in
40,1-11, require an explanation because they present the perspective of the return
from the point of view of the Jewish homeland, which for the first time appears
only in Isa 49,14. Synchronically Isa 41,27 interrupts the parallel double structure
of the dispute with the foreign gods in 41,21-24.25-29. Diachronically Isa 41,27
is not attributable to the redactor of the first collection, composed between 539
and 520 BC, but to a more recent hand, which — starting from the first Servant
Song with its expansion and reinterpretation with Darius I in mind — introduces
the perspective of the return into the dispute with foreign gods. JHWH proves his
unique and overpowering sovereignty over history not only with regard to Cyrus
but also to Darius I.
The Use and Meaning of á¼ÎºÎµá¿–νος 73
cases it is with regard to á¼ÎºÎµá¿–νος in Jn 19,35:
(i) The general deictic function: Jn 7,11; 9,12.28; 13,26; 19,21.35. In
these verses á¼ÎºÎµá¿–νος is explained as referring in general to someone or
something20.
(ii) Resumption of the preceding: Jn 1,8.18.33; 2,21; 3,30; 13,6.25.26.27;
14,20.21.26; 15,26; 16,14; 18,15; 19,35; 20,15.16. The use of á¼ÎºÎµá¿–νος in
19,35 is described as emphatic or anaphoric21.
(iii) Referring to well known persons or objects: 1,18.18; 2,21; 3,28.30;
4,25; 5,11.19.35.38; 6,29; 7,11; 8,42; 9,12.28; 10,6; 11,13; 13,6; 16,8.13;
19,21.35. This category occurs in dictionaries of the New Testament as
well as grammars22 and is closely related to the use of á¼ÎºÎµá¿–νος pointing
at a remote person or object. In these cases the pronoun is also used to
denote Jesus, John, God or the Spirit.
8,42; 9,9; 10,6, b) to refer to something which or someone who is absent: 1,18; 3,28.30; 5,39,
c) obnoxious or disdainful [about a person who is not present]: 7,11; 9,28; 19,21, d) the
previously mentioned and what is related to that: 1,6-8; 7,45; 3. As a reference to and a re-
sumption of the afore-mentioned: a) emphatic and anaphoric use: 1,8.18.33; 2,21; 3,30; 4,25;
5,11.19.38.39.43.46; 6,29; 7,11; 8,42; 9,37; 10,1; 12,48; 13,25.26; 14,21.26; 15,26; 18,15; 19,35,
b) abundant use after a participle: 1,18.33; 5,11.37.39; 9,37; 10,1; 12,48; 14,21.26; 15,26; 4.)
reference to well known persons or objects: 1,8.18; 2,21; 3,28.30; 4,25; 5,11.19.35.38; 6,29;
7,11; 8,42; 9,12.28; 10,6; 11,13; 13,6; 16,8.13; 19,21.35; 5.) Specific categories: a) with apposi-
tion: 14,26; 16,12, b) with a substantive which is used as a predicate or with an adjective:
10,1.35; 20,19, c) determining the gender or number of the word it stands by: 14,26; 16,13,
d) as a possessive genitive: 5,47; 9,28, e) as a substitute for αá½Ï„ός: 9,9, f) in oratio obliqua:
19,35, g) referring to a preceding or following relative or ὅτι-phrase: 10,35; 13,26; 14,26;
15,26, h) adjectival use with ἡμέÏα: 1,39; 5,9; 16,23.26, and μαθητής: 18,15, i) á¼€ÏχιεÏεὺς ὢν
τοῦ á¼Î½Î¹Î±Ï…τοῦ á¼ÎºÎµá½·Î½Î¿Ï…: 11,49.51; 18,13, j) á¼ÎºÎµá¿–νος as a pronoun of the third person: 1,18;
5,46; 8,44; 10,6; 11,29. II. The weak meaning of á¼ÎºÎµá¿–νος: 1. The indefinite and weak meaning
of á¼ÎºÎµá¿–νος: 1,18; 6,57; 9,25.37; 10,1; 13,26; 14,21; 2. As an equivalent of the English “he†or
“theyâ€: 5,37; 8,44; 9,9.11.25.36; 10,6; 11,29; 12,48; 14,21.26; 16,14; 19,35.
A.T. Robertson (see note 14) lists á¼ÎºÎµá¿–νος in 19,35 as deictic but “possible though by
20
no means certainâ€, because some authors claim that it refers to God who “knows†that the
eyewitness tells the truth (707). The author assumes that á¼ÎºÎµá¿–νος in 19,35 is used anaphoric
and therefore points to αá½Ï„οῦ.
C.G. Bretschneider, Lexicon manuale, 376: “repetit subiectum proximum, cum em-
21
phasiâ€; (31840) 126; E. Robinson, Greek and English Lexicon, 251: “Emphatic, like the
Engl. that, he, etc. where however the emphasis lies in the construction, and not in the word
itselfâ€; J.H. Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. Being Grimm’s Wilke’s
Clavis Novi Testamenti Translated, Revised and Enlarged (Edinburgh, 1888; 41901, re-
print 1951) 194; E. Preuschen, Vollständiges griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch zu den
Schriften des Neuen Testaments und der übrigen urchristlichen Literatur (Giessen, 1910)
351; W. Bauer, Griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (21928) 372; ed. F.W. Danker (2000) 302;
H. Ebeling, Griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Mit Nachweis der Abweichungen des neutes-
tamentlichen Sprachgebrauchs vom Attischen und mit Hinweis auf seine Ãœbereinstimmung
mit dem hellenistischen Griechisch (Hannover-Leipzig 1913) 136.
E.T. Robinson, Greek and English Lexicon, 251: “Especially for persons well known
22
and celebratedâ€; J.H. Thayer, Greek-English Lexicon, 194; E. Preuschen, Vollständiges
griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 351; W. Bauer, Griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch
(21928) 372; ed. F.W. Danker (2000) 302.
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